Examining the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Caregivers of Children with Complex and Chronic Conditions
Main Article Content
Abstract
In March of 2020 the president of the United States declared a national emergency as COVID-19 transmitted across the globe. Over 18 months later , the pandemic continues to pose challenges as residents of the world adapt to the ever-changing shuffle of precautions, regulations, and restrictions. During this unprecedented time we have globally learned to expect the unexpected; which has become the norm. Caregivers of Children with Complex and Chronic Conditions wear multiple hats when taking care of their children. They may serve as a nurse, therapist, educational advocate, chauffeur, or personal assistant. Due to the ever changing routines and mandates as a result of the pandemic, parents have become worn down leading to mental health concerns and caregiver burnout. During the pandemic caused by COVID-19, caregivers of children with unique needs are faced with a new set of challenges
Downloads
Article Details
Following is the journal's Publishing Agreement. The submitting author will be asked to sign an agreement form once the submission has been accepted for publication.
A. GENERAL TERMS AND CONDITIONS
I (Author) hereby warrant that:
- The article I have submitted to the Journal for review is original, has been written by the stated authors and has not been published elsewhere.
- The article is not currently being considered for publication by any other journal and will not be submitted for such review while under review by this Journal.
- The article contains no libelous or other unlawful statements and does not contain any materials that violate any personal or proprietary rights of any other person or entity.
- I have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in my article.
- If I am using any personal details or images of a third person, I have obtained written permission or consent from this person.
- If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, I have informed the co-author(s) of the terms of this publishing agreement and that I am signing on their behalf as their agent, and I am authorized to do so.
- The Author assigns to the Journal the right to publish, republish, transmit, sell, distribute and otherwise use the Contribution in whole or in part in electronic and print editions of the Journal throughout the world, in all languages and in all media of expression now known or later developed.
- The Author agrees that the Journal may, without changing the content, translate the Contribution to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation.
- The Author agrees that the Journal may keep more than one copy of this Contribution for purposes of security, back-up and preservation.
- Reproduction, posting, transmission or other distribution or use of the final Contribution in whole or in part in any medium by the Author as permitted by this Agreement requires a proper citation to the Journal suitable in APA form. Additionally, the following copyright statement must be included: “Copyright YEAR by the Division for Physical, Health and Multiple Disabilities of the Council for Exceptional Children. Reproduced with permission from Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services.”
C. PERMITTED USES BY AUTHOR
As Author, the Journal licenses you to certain uses of the Contribution. These rights are retained and permitted without the need to obtain specific permission from the Journal. These include:
- the right to make copies (print or electronic) of the journal article for your own personal use, including for your own teaching use;
- the right to make copies and distribute copies (including via e-mail) of the journal article to research colleagues, for personal use by such colleagues;
- the right to present the content of the journal article at a meeting or conference;
- patent and trademark rights and rights to any process or procedure described in the journal article;
- the right to use the journal article or any part thereof in a printed compilation of works of the author, such as collected writings or lecture notes (subsequent to publication of the article in the journal); and
- the right to prepare other derivative works, to extend the journal article into book-length form, or to otherwise re-use portions or excerpts in other works, with full acknowledgement of its original publication in the Journal.
References
Bureau, U. C. (2020). Schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic. The United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 29, 2021, from https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2020/08/schooling-during-the-covid-19-pandemic.html
Catalyst. (2020). The Impact of Covid-19 on Working Parents. Catalyst. https://www.catalyst.org/research/impact-covid-working-parents/
Dhiman, S., Sahu, P. K., Reed, W. R., Ganesh, G. S., Goyal, R. K., & Jain, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 107, 103790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790.
Hake, M., Dewey, A., Engelhard, E., Strayer, M., Harper, T., Summerfelt, T., Malone-Smolla, C., & Maebry, T. (2020). The Impact of Coronavirus on Food Insecurity | Feeding America. https://www.feedingamerica.org/research/coronavirus-hunger-research
Hamel, L., Lopes, L., Munana, C., Kates, J., Michaud, J., & Brodie, M. (2020). KFF Coronavirus Poll:March 2020. Kaiser Family Foundation Polling.
Hurwitz, S., Garman-McClaine, B., & Carlock, K. (2021). Special education for students with autism during the COVID-19 pandemic:“Each day brings new challenges”. Autism, https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211035935
Morelli, M., Cattelino, E., Baiocco, R., Trumello, C., Babore, A., Candelori, C., & Chirumbolo, A. (2020). Parents and children during the COVID-19 lockdown: The influence of parenting distress and parenting self-efficacy on children’s emotional well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.584645
Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., Letterie, M., & Davis, M. M. (2020). Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Pediatrics, 146(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824
Pordes, E., Gordon, J., Sanders, L. M., & Cohen, E. (2018). Models of care delivery for children with medical complexity. Pediatrics, 141(3), S212-S223.
Ren, J., Li, X., Chen, S., Chen, S., & Nie, Y. (2020). The influence of factors such as parenting stress and social support on the state anxiety in parents of special needs children during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 565393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565393
Russell, B. S., Hutchison, M., Tambling, R., Tomkunas, A. J., & Horton, A. L. (2020). Initial challenges of caregiving during COVID-19: Caregiver burden, mental health, and the parent–child relationship. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 51(5), 671–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x
Sharp, T. (2020). Promoting Digital Equity and Opportunity in the Time of COVID-19. American Institutes for Research. https://www.air.org/resource/promoting-digital-equity-and-opportunity-time-covid-19
Spinelli, M., Lionetti, F., Pastore, M., & Fasolo, M. (2020). Parents’ stress and children’s Psychological problems in families facing the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01713
United States Department of Health and Human Services. (2020, June 1). The Importance of Schedules and Routines | ECLKC. https://eclkc.ohs.acf.hhs.gov/about-us/article/importance-schedules-routines
University, S. (2020, June 29). A snapshot of a new working-from-home economy. Stanford News. https://news.stanford.edu/2020/06/29/snapshot-new-working-home-economy/
Wong, M. (2020). Stanford research provides a snapshot of a new working-from-home economy. Standford News.
World Health Organization. (2020, March 26). Disability considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.who.int/publications-detail-redirect/WHO-2019-nCoV-Disability-2020-1