The Efficacy of Psychotherapy in Pregnant Women and Postpartum Mothers
Main Article Content
Abstract
Psychotherapy, also known as talk therapy, is one form of treatment for mental disorders in both pregnant and postpartum mothers along with medications such as Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). This systematic review focuses on the impact of psychotherapy as the primary form of treatment for pregnant and postpartum mothers and how psychotherapy can be beneficial to pregnant mothers by limiting the outcome of postpartum mood disorders. Data gathered from a collection of case studies can provide understanding about the impacts of psychotherapy as the prominent preventive and ongoing treatment method against mental disorders such as with Peripartum Depression (PPD) also known as Postpartum Depression, in pregnancy and postpartum mothers.
Keywords – Peripartum depression (PPD), Postpartum Depression, Psychotherapy, Pregnant Mothers, Postpartum Mothers, Mood Disorders
This research was submitted in partial fulfillment of Nicole Campbell’s Bachelor’s degree
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Student authors waive FERPA rights for only the publication of the author submitted works.
Specifically: Students of Indiana University East voluntarily agree to submit their own works to The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East, with full understanding of FERPA rights and in recognition that for this one, specific instance they understand that The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East is Public and Open Access. Additionally, the Journal is viewable via the Internet and searchable via Indiana University, Google, and Google-Scholar search engines.
References
American Psychological Association. (2023). APA Dictionary of Psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/mood-disorder
American Psychological Association. (2022). Postpartum depression: Causes, symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options. American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/topics/women-girls/postpartum-depression
American Psychological Association. (2017). What is cognitive behavioral therapy? American Psychological Association. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral
Bentley, K. H., Bernstein, E. E., Wallace, B., Mischoulon, D., (2021). Treatment for anxiety and comorbid depressive disorders: Transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral strategies. Psychiatric Annals, 51(5), 226–230. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20210414-01
Boyd, B. A., and Brown, D. W. (1948). Electric convulsive therapy in mental disorders associated with childbearing. Journal of the Missouri State Medical Association. 45(8), 573-579. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18877513/
Cleveland Clinic Medical. (2022). Postpartum depression: Causes, symptoms and treatment. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9312-postpartum-depression
Cox, E. Q., Killenberg, S., Frische, R., McClure, R., Hill, M., Jenson, J., Pearson, B., & Meltzer-Brody, S. E. (2020). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of postpartum depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 264, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.069
Cuijpers, P., Brännmark, J. G., & Van Straten, A. (2008). Psychological treatment of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(1), 103–118. https://doi-org.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.1002/jclp.20432
Gaskell, C., Simmonds-Buckley, M., Kellett, S., S., Stockton, C., Somerville, E., Rogerson, E., Delgadillo, J., (2023). The Effectiveness of psychological interventions delivered in routine practice: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 50(1), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-022-01225-y
Grover, S., Swapnajeet, S., Chakrabarti, S., Debashish., B., Shubh, M., Avasthi, A., (2018). ECT in the postpartum period: A retrospective case series from a tertiary health care center in India. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 40(6), 562–567. https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_105_18
Hamilton, J. A. (1962). Postpartum psychiatric problems. Mosby.
Haverkampf, C. J. (2022). CBT and IPT - A comparison. Dr Jonathan Haverkampf. https://jonathanhaverkampf.com/cbt-and-ipt-a-comparison/
Hollingworth, T. (2023). The historiography of puerperal psychosis: A Cinderella sub-specialty. British Journal of Midwifery. https://www.britishjournalofmidwifery.com/content/professional/the-historiography-of-puerperal-psychosis-a-cinderella-sub-specialty/
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2024). Baby Blues and postpartum depression: Mood disorders and pregnancy. Johns Hopkins Medicine https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/postpartum-mood-disorders-what-new-moms-need-to-know
Kim, P., and Swain, J. E. (2007). Sad dads: Paternal postpartum depression. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 4(2), 35–47. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2922346/
Lin, P.-Z., Xue, J.-M., Yang, B., Meng, L., Cao, F-L., (2018). Effectiveness of self-help psychological interventions for treating and preventing postpartum depression: A meta-analysis. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 21(5), 491. https://doi-org.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.1007/s00737-018-0835-0
Loudon, I (1988). Puerperal insanity in the 19th century. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 81(2):76-79. doi:10.1177/014107688808100207
Malhotra A., and Baker J. (2022). Group therapy. Stat Pearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549812/
McDonagh, M. S., Matthews, A., Phillipi, C., Room, J., Peterson, K., Thakurta, S., Guise, J-M., (2014). Depression drug treatment outcomes in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 124 (3), 526-534. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000410.
Narvaez Linares, N. F., Vandette, M.-P., Firzly, N., MacAulay, M., & Aubry, T. (2021). Postpartum depression: Can participation in a psychoeducational group therapy program help mothers better cope with their symptoms? Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health, 40(2), 126–130. https://doiorg.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.7870/cjcmh-2021-015
Sarkhel, S., Singh, O. P., & Arora, M. (2020). Clinical practice guidelines for psychoeducation in psychiatric disorders general principles of psychoeducation. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(Suppl 2), S319–S323. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry
Steardo, L., Jr, et al., (2019). Psychoeducational intervention for perinatal depression: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in psychiatry, 10, 55. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00055
Surkan, P. J., Malik, A., Perin, J., Atif. N., Rowther, A., Zaidi, A., Rahman, A., (2024). Anxiety-focused cognitive behavioral therapy delivered by non-specialists to prevent postnatal depression: A randomized, phase 3 trial. Nature Medicine, 30(3), 675–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02809-x
Waller, R., Kornfield, S. L., White, L. K., Chaiyachati, B.H, Barzilay, R., Njoroge, W., Parish- Morris, J., Duncan, A., Himes, M.M., Rodriguez, Y., Seidlitz, J., Riis, V., Burris, H.H, Gur, R.E., Elovitz, M., (2022). Clinician-reported childbirth outcomes, patient-reported childbirth trauma, and risk for postpartum depression. Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 25(5), 985. https://doiorg.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.1007/s00737-022-01263-3
World Health Organization. (2024). Maternal Mental Health. https://www.who.int/teams/mental-health-and-substance-use/promotion-prevention/maternal-mental-health
Zedan, H. S., Baattaiah, B. A., Alashmali, S., & Almasaudi, A. S. (2023). Risk of postpartum depression: The considerable role of maternal health status and lifestyle. Healthcare, 11(14). https://doi-org.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.3390/healthcare11142074