Opioid Epidemic
Main Article Content
Abstract
Healthcare is constantly changing as new resources are coming around, people are finding new ways to utilize the resources. As the world continues to grow, there is an abundance of new information that is being learned about medications, particularly regarding controlled substances, such as opiates. As the world has evolved drugs have evolved with them. Opioids have been around for as long as the 1860s, and around the 1990s, the first wave of an opioid epidemic occurred (Rieder, 2020). The opioid epidemic has been brought about due to several different influences. Influences of the opioid epidemic could include overprescribing, the push from pharmaceutical companies, regulations, as well as the street side of opioid- like drugs which are indicative of synthetic drugs. There is a direct link between patient outcome and opioid use.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- Student authors waive FERPA rights for only the publication of the author submitted works.
Specifically: Students of Indiana University East voluntarily agree to submit their own works to The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East, with full understanding of FERPA rights and in recognition that for this one, specific instance they understand that The Journal of Student Research at Indiana University East is Public and Open Access. Additionally, the Journal is viewable via the Internet and searchable via Indiana University, Google, and Google-Scholar search engines.
References
Barton, S. J., & McCarty, B. (2023). “but I am afflicted” Attending to persons in pain and
modern health care. Christian Bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 29(3), 177–182. https://doi.org/10.1093/cb/cbad016.
Biancuzzi, H., Dal Mas, F., Brescia, V., Campostrini, S., Cascella, M., Cuomo, A., Cobianchi, L., Dorken-Gallastegi, A., Gebran, A., Kaafarani, H. M., Marinangeli, F., Massaro, M., Renne, A., Scaioli, G., Bednarova, R., Vittori, A., & Miceli, L. (2022). Opioid Misuse: A review of the main issues, challenges, and strategies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811754.
Ciccarone, D. (2019). The triple wave epidemic: Supply and demand drivers of the US opioid
overdose crisis. ScienceDirect. https://research-ebsco-com.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/li
nkprocessor/v2-external?opid=k54rre&recordId=zqzwn6nnff&url=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F480978x5.
Coppage, C. (2020). From Prescription to Addiction: Treating the Cause of the Opioid Epidemic and Improving the FDA’s Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) Program. Administrative Law Review, 72(1), 103–126.
Makhinson, M., Seshia, S. S., Young, G. B., Smith, P. A., Stobart, K., & Guha, I. N. (2021). The iatrogenic opioid crisis: An example of “institutional corruption of pharmaceuticals”? Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice,27 (5),1033–1043.https://doi-org.proxyeast
.uits.iu.edu/10.1111/jep.13566.
Rawy, M., Abdalla, G., & Look, K. (2024). Polysubstance mortality trends in White and
Black Americans during the opioid epidemic, 1999-2018. BMC Public Health, 24(1),
https://doi-org.proxyeast.uits.iu.edu/10.1186/s12889-023-17563-x.
Rieder, T. N. (2020). Solving the opioid crisis isn’t just a public health challenge—It’s a bioethics challenge. Hastings Center Report, 50(4), 24–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/hast.1169.