Learning Contracts in Undergraduate Courses: Impacts on Student Behaviors and Academic Performance
Main Article Content
Abstract
Downloads
Article Details
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (JoSoTL) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, (CC-BY) 4.0 International, allowing others to share the work with proper acknowledgement and citation of the work's authorship and initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
- Authors are able to enter separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
- In pursuit of manuscripts of the highest quality, multiple opportunities for mentoring, and greater reach and citation of JoSoTL publications, JoSoTL encourages authors to share their drafts to seek feedback from relevant communities unless the manuscript is already under review or in the publication queue after being accepted. In other words, to be eligible for publication in JoSoTL, manuscripts should not be shared publicly (e.g., online), while under review (after being initially submitted, or after being revised and resubmitted for reconsideration), or upon notice of acceptance and before publication. Once published, authors are strongly encouraged to share the published version widely, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
References
Ambrose, S.A., Bridges, M.W., DiPietro, M., Lovett, M.C., & Norman, M.K. (2010). How learning works. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Anderson, G., Boud, D., & Sampson, J. (1996). Learning contracts. Great Britain: Kogan Page Limited.
Astin, A.W. (1993). What matters in college? Liberal Education, 79(4), 4-15.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.
Barbour, C., & Czarnecki, J. (1973). Contract teaching at Sunset Elementary School. Theory into Practice, 12(4), 234-237.
Barlow, R.M. (1974). An experiment with learning contracts. The Journal of Higher Education, 45(6), 441-449.
Bary, R., & Rees, M. (2006). Is (self-directed) learning the key skill for tomorrow’s engineers? European Journal of Engineering Education, 31(1), 73–81.
Boak, G. (1998). A complete guide to learning contracts. Hampshire, England: Gower Publishing Limited.
Buskist, W., Sikorski, J., Buckley, T., & Saville, B. K. (2002). Elements of master teaching. In S. F. Davis, & W. Buskist (Eds.), The teaching of psychology: Essays in honor of Wilbert J. McKeachie and Charles L. Brewer, 27-39. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Chan, S.W., & Wai-tong, C. (2000). Implementing contract learning in a clinical context: Report on a study, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(2), 298-305.
Chyung, S. (2007). Invisible motivation of online adult learners during contract learning. The Journal of Educators Online, 4(1). Retrieved August 11, 2012 from http://www.thejeo.com/Archives/Volume4Number1/V4N1.htm#Volume_4,_Number_1,_January_2007.
Codde, J.R. (2006). Using learning contracts in the college classroom. Retrieved August 5, 2011 from http://www.msu.edu/user/coddejos/contract.htm.
Costa, A.L., & Kallick, B. (2004). Assessment strategies for self-directed learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Cross, K.P. (1981). Adults as learners. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Dougherty, R.C. (1997). Grade/study-performance contracts, enhanced communication, cooperative learning, and student performance in undergraduate organic chemistry, Journal of Chemical Education, 74(6), 722-726.
Elbow, P. (2009). Appendix to a unilateral grading contract to improve learning and teaching [Written with Jane Danielewicz]. Retrieved on August 8, 2012 from http://scholarworks.umass.edu/emeritus_sw/36.
Firestone, W., Rosenblum, S., & Webb, A. (1987). Building Commitment among students and teachers: An exploratory study of ten urban high schools. Retrieved August 8, 2012 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED303535&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED303535.
Firestone, W., & Rosenblum, S. (1988). The alienation and commitment of students and teachers in urban high schools. Retrieved August 8, 2012 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_ SearchValue_0=ED294959&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED294959.
Herber, H.L., & Nelson-Herber, J. (1987). Developing independent learners. Journal of Reading, 30(7), 584-588.
Hobson, E. (2004). Getting students to read: Fourteen tips. IDEA Paper #40, Manhattan, KS: Kansas State University, Center for Faculty Evaluation and Development.
Huff, M.T., & Johnson, M.M. (1998). Empowering students in a graduate-level social work course. Journal of Social Work Education, 34(3), 375-386.
Knowles, M.S. (1973). The adult learner: A neglected species. Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing Co.
Knowles, M.S. (1980a). Malcolm Knowles on… “How do you get people to be self-directed learners?” Training and Development Journal, 34(5), 96-99.
Knowles, M.S. (1980b). Malcolm Knowles on… “The magic of contract learning.” Training and Development Journal, 34(6), 76-77.
Knowles, M.S., & Associates. (1985). Andragogy in action: Applying modern principles of adult learning. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Knowles, M.S. (1987). Enhancing HRD with contract learning. Training and Development Journal, 41(3) 62-63.
Lemieux, C.M. (2001). Learning contracts in the classroom: Tools for empowerment and accountability. Social Work Education, 20(2), 264-276.
Lewis, J.J. (2004). The independent learning contract system: Motivating students enrolled in college reading courses. Reading Improvement, 41(3) 188-194.
Litchfield, B., Mata, J., & Gray, L. (2007). Engaging general biology students with learning contracts. Journal of College Science Teaching, 37(2), 34-39.
Malkin, K.F. (1994). A standard for professional development: The use of self and peer review; Learning contracts and reflection in clinical practice. Journal of Nursing Management, 2(3), 143148.
Mazhindu, G.N. (1990). Contract learning reconsidered: A critical examination of implications for application in nurse education. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 15(1), 101-109.
McKenzie-Mohr, D. (2011). Fostering sustainable behavior: An introduction to communitybased social marketing, 3d Ed. Canada: New Society Publishers.
Mohammed, M. (2010). Don’t give me a fish; Teach me how to fish: A case study of an international adult learner. Adult Learner, 21(1-2), 15-18.
O’Halloran, K.C., & Delaney, M.E. (2011). Using learning contracts in the counselor education classroom. Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision, 3(2), 69-81.
Parkhurst, H. (1922). Education on the Dalton Plan. New York: E. P. Dutton and Company.
Pintrich, P.R. (1994). Student motivation in the college classroom. In Prichard, K.W. and Sawyer, R.M. (Eds.). Handbook of college teaching: Theory and applications, 23-43. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Reeve, J. (2006). Extrinsic rewards and inner motivation. In Evertson, C.M. and Weinstein, C.S. (Eds.). Handbook of classroom management: Research, practice, and contemporary issues, 645-664. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Toncar, M.F., & Anderson, C.E. (2010). The predictive power of the first exam. Proceedings of American Society of Business and Behavioral Sciences Annual Conference, 17(1), 855-861.
Williams, A., & Williams, J.P. (1999). The effects of the use of learning contracts on student performance in technology teacher training. Research in Science & Technological Education, 17(2), 193-201.
Zimmerman, B., & Pons, M. (1986). Development of a structured interview for assessing student use of self-regulated learning strategies. American Educational Research Journal, 23(4), 614-628.