From Antagonist to Protagonist: Shifting the Stories to Support Gen Z Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
This article explores prevalent stories about “Gen Z” students that unintentionally undercut both their success and learner-centered pedagogies. The authors consider how those beliefs might be reframed to serve all learners more effectively. We also explore how the racial reckoning, health pandemics, social unrest, and additional compounded traumatic events of 2020 complicated stereotypes about college-aged youth and magnified the ever-present need for more inclusive, flexible, and compassionate teaching approaches. We now have an opportunity to build on the lessons of 2020 and expand the lenses through with we consider our students’ visible behaviors and invisible experiences. We offer a rationale for and concrete pathways toward crafting more empathetic and productive stories about Gen Z students, which in turn allow us to develop teaching and assessment strategies that better align with our student-centered missions.
Downloads
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (JoSoTL) right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License, (CC-BY) 4.0 International, allowing others to share the work with proper acknowledgement and citation of the work's authorship and initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
- Authors are able to enter separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
- In pursuit of manuscripts of the highest quality, multiple opportunities for mentoring, and greater reach and citation of JoSoTL publications, JoSoTL encourages authors to share their drafts to seek feedback from relevant communities unless the manuscript is already under review or in the publication queue after being accepted. In other words, to be eligible for publication in JoSoTL, manuscripts should not be shared publicly (e.g., online), while under review (after being initially submitted, or after being revised and resubmitted for reconsideration), or upon notice of acceptance and before publication. Once published, authors are strongly encouraged to share the published version widely, with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in the Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning.
References
Adichie, C. N., (2009). TED Talks: Chimamanda Adichie – The Danger of a Single Story. Films Media Group. https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_ngozi_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story/transcript?language=en
Allen, V. (26 March 2019). Controlling 'helicopter parents' are to blame for snowflake 'Gen-Z' youngsters struggling at university, psychologists say. The Daily Mail. https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-6852541/Helicopter-parents-blame-snowflake-Gen-Z-youngsters-struggling-university.html
Annie E. Casey Foundation (AECF) (2021, May 11). Social Issues That Matter to Gen Z. https://www.aecf.org/blog/generation-z-social-issues/
Ash, A., Hill, R., Risdon, S.N., & Jun, A. (2020). Anti-racism in higher education: A model for change. Race and Pedagogy Journal, 4(3), 1-35. https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1071&context=rpj
Bali, M., Caines, A., Hogue, R.J., Dewaard, H.J., & Friedrich, C. (2019, May). “Intentionally equitable hospitality in hybrid video dialogue: The context of virtually connecting.” eLearn Magazine. https://elearnmag.acm.org/archive.cfm?aid=3331173
Bayers, L. & Camfield, E.K. (2018, March). Student shaming and the need for academic empathy. Hybrid Pedagogy. https://hybridpedagogy.org/student-shaming-academic-empathy/
Best, J. (1998). Too much fun: Toys as social problems and the interpretation of culture. Symbolic Interaction, 21(2), 197-212. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/si.1998.21.2.1
Blakeney, A.M. (2005). Antiracist pedagogy: Definition, theory, purpose and professional development. Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogy, 2 (1), 119-132.
Camfield, E K. (2016). Mediated-efficacy: Hope for “helpless” writers. Journal of Developmental Education, 39(3), 2-11. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1130186.pdf
Camfield, E.K. & Bayers, L (2019). Mindful assessment in support of student learning. The Journal of Contemplative Inquiry. 6(1), 121-144.
Camfield, E. K., Moore, J. D., & Allen, J. (2020). Sifting through Gen Z stereotypes: Using critical empathy to assess invisible learning. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 20(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v20i6 https://articlegateway.com/index.php/JHETP/article/view/3136/2981
CAST (2018). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines. https://udlguidelines.cast.org/?utm_source=castsite&lutm_medium=web&utm_campaign=none&utm_content=aboutudl.
Curran, T. & Hill, A. P. ((2017). Perfectionism is increasing over time: A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989-2016. American Psychological Association Psychological Bulletin 145(4), 410-429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000138
Eddy, S. L. & Hogan, K. A. (2017). Getting under the hood: How and for whom does increasing course structure work? CBE--Life Sciences Education., 13(3). DOI: https://www.lifescied.org/doi/full/10.1187/cbe.14-03-0050
Equity Unbound. (n.d.) Community Building Activities. Retrieved May 18, 2021, from https://onehe.org/equity-unbound/
Lukianoff, G. & Haidt, J. (2019) The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure. Penguin.
Felton, P. & Lambert, L. (2020). Relationship-Rich Education: How Human Connections Drive Success in College. Johns Hopkins UP.
Gannon, K. (2020). Radical hope: A teaching manifesto. West Virginia UP.
Hammond, Z. (2014) Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain: Promoting Authentic Engagement and Rigor Among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students. Corwin Press.
Hanstedt, P. (2018). Creating Wicked Students: Designing Courses for a Complex World. Stylus Publishing.
Kernahan, C. (2019). Teaching About Race and Racism in the College Classroom. West Virginia UP.
Kaiser Family Foundation. Health Tracking Poll (June 2020). https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/report/kff-health-tracking-poll-june-2020/
Letter on Justice and Open Debate (7 July 2020). Harper’s Magazine. https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/.
Minor, D. (2021, January 1). Visual Literacy Is Critical for 21st Century Learners. National Council of Teachers of English Literacy Blog. https://ncte.org/blog/2021/01/visual-literacy-critical-21st-century-learners/
Mitus, J. S. (14 January 2021). iDisorder: The emerging trend of tech addiction among generation Z. Hofstra University Department of Counseling and Mental Health online workshop. https://youtu.be/r_-Pg1dN7CE
Moreno, M.A., Jelenchick, L. A. , Egan, K. G., Cox, E., Young, H., Gannon, K. E., & Becker, T. (2011). Feeling bad on Facebook: Depression disclosures by college students on a social networking site. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 28(6): 447–455. doi:10.1002/da.20805.
National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) (2019). Students with Disabilities. https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=60
O’Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K., and Council on Communications and Media (2011). Clinical Report: The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents. In Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-0054
Parker. K. & Igielnik, R. (2020). On the cusp of adulthood and facing and uncertain future: What we know about Gen Z so far. Pew Research Center: Social and Demographic Trends. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/
Purkey, W. W. (1992). An introduction to invitational theory. Journal of Invitational Theory and Practice, 1(1), 5-15.
Rapp, J. (2019). Into Z future: Meet generation Z, the next generation of super creatives. J. Walter Thompson Analytics. https://gertkoot.files.wordpress.com/2019/06/into-z-future_understanding-gen-z_the-next-generation-of-super-creatives-1.pdf
Saad, L.F. (2020). Me and White Supremacy: Combat Racism, Change the World, and Become a Good Ancestor: Sourcebooks.
Schwartz, H. (2019). Connected Teaching: Relationship, Power, and Mattering in Higher Education. Stylus Press.
Stommel, J. (2017). Why I Don’t Grade. https://www.jessestommel.com/why-i-dont-grade/
TILT Higher Ed: Transparency in Learning and Teaching (n.d.) Retrieved 15 May 2021 from https://tilthighered.com/
Tretina, K. (31 March 2021). Is College Worth the Cost? Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/advisor/student-loans/is-college-worth-it/
Tufts University Center for Information & Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) (2020, November 25) Election Week 2020: Young People Increase Turnout, Lead Biden to Victory. https://circle.tufts.edu/latest-research/election-week-2020#issues:-the-top-concerns-that-drove-youth-to-the-polls
Turkle, S. (2017). Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. Basic Books.
Twenge, J. M. (2018) iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy--and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood--and What That Means for the Rest of Us. Atria/Simon & Schuster Books.
UC Merced Accolades https://www.ucmerced.edu/accolades
UC Merced Institutional Research, Decision-Making and Support (IRDS). (2021, February 28). New Student Survey Dashboard. Center of Institutional Effectiveness, https://cie.ucmerced.edu/new-student-survey-2020-dashboard
Verschelden, C. (2017). Bandwidth Recovery: Helping Students Reclaim Cognitive Resources Lost to Poverty, Racism, and Social Marginalization. Stylus Publishing.