The Coup and The Phoenix: Spanning a Decade of Covert Operations

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Timothy Cavinder

Abstract

In both the Phoenix Program and the coup of Diem the Central Intelligence Agency pushed the envelope of official United States foreign policy in Vietnam during the 1960s. The use of the CIA as a communication vehicle with the coup plotters against Diem resulted in the toppling of a foreign government and the assassination of its leader. The Phoenix Program was intended to target members of the Vietcong. On paper the program's official policy was lawful and just, yet to this day controversy surrounds the memories of those in the field who witnessed first hand the grave shortcomings of that policy. In the 1960s the CIA fought on the front lines of a cold war that for many grew too hot, too fast, _and lasted far too long.

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