Social Networks and Pull Factors in Migration Success: The Case of Hungary

Abstract

Immigration is an important component of the global community. Historically, immigrants have provided necessary labor for many industries and influenced the cultures of numerous nations. Immigrants are especially important in nations where the population is in decline and the working class is nearing retirement. Nations such as this need a strong immigrant influx to counter the effects of population decline. Despite this, some nations, such as Hungary, take a conservative stance towards immigration, establishing laws and policies intended to make immigration more difficult if not discourage it entirely. This paper will analyze the case of Hungary, from its early attitude toward immigration, through the tumultuous years of the World Wars and Communist rule. An analysis of Hungary's pull factors (factors that entice immigration) will explain why it remains a nation of immigration, including economic factors, its geographical location, and its demographics. Following that analysis will be a look at how the European community has affected Hungarian immigration policies. Finally, this paper will provide an account of the Chinese immigrant community in Hungary, which has found success through the utilization of social networks.