Proto-Indo-European Long Vowels and Diphthongs with their Proto-Germanic Reflexes
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Abstract
The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) vowel system consisted of five short vowels, five long vowels, and six diphthongs: *ei, *ai, *oi, *eu, *au, *ou. As PIE developed into Proto-Germanic (PG), the number of diphthongs was reduced to an asymmetrical set of three: *ai, *au, *eu. As PG developed into Old English, the original diphthongs of PIE further reduced until they were eliminated. In this paper, I develop the OT constraint ranking necessary to derive the vowel system of PIE and its change into PG, employing the Split Margin approach to account for the sonority relationships within the diphthongs as well as to explain the non-occurrence of other potential diphthongs.
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