Important Happenings in Optometry One Hundred Years Ago
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper discusses important events in optometry in 1922 and 1923. Included for 1922 are the First Conference to Establish Standards, a pivotal meeting in the development of optometric education; the founding of the American Academy of Optometry; and the 25th annual meeting of the American Optometric Association (AOA). Events noted for 1923 are Pennsylvania State College of Optometry becoming the first school to grant an OD degree approved by a state legislature; the establishment of the optometry school at the University of California, Berkeley; and the annual AOA meeting.
Downloads
Article Details
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
1. By submitting to Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History, the author grants to the journal the non-exclusive right to
reproduce, translate (as defined below), and/or distribute your submission worldwide in print and electronic format
and in any medium, including but not limited to audio or video.
2. The author agrees that Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History may, without changing the content, translate the
submission to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation.
3. The author agrees that Hindsight: Journal of Optometry History may keep more than one copy of this submission for
purposes of security, back-up, and preservation.
4. The author represents that the submission is his/her original work, and that s/he has the right to grant the rights
contained in this agreement. The author also represents that his/her submission does not, to the best of his/her
knowledge, infringe upon anyone's copyright.
5. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional arrangements for the nonexclusive distribution of the journal's
published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or a website or publish it in a book), with
an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
References
Doane HC. Report of conference. In: Todd WS, ed. Report of First Conference to Establish Optometric Stand-ards. American Optometric Association, 1922:11-19.
Goss DA. Frederic A. Woll (1874-1955), Optometric practitioner, educator, and author. Hindsight: J Optom Hist 2011;42:63-66.
Todd WS, ed. Report of the First Conference to Establish Optometric Standards. American Optometric Asso-ciation, 1922:26-68.
Classification of optometry schools and need for establishing the essentials of an acceptable optometry school or college. In: Todd WS, ed. Report of the First Conference to Establish Optometric Standards. Ameri-can Optometric Association, 1922:20-25.
Hofstetter HW. Optometry: Professional, Economic, and Legal Aspects. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1948:297-299.
Christensen JL. The First Conference to Establish Optometric Standards. Optom Vis Sci 1996;73:428-434.
Gregg JR. History of the American Academy of Optometry 1922-1986. Washington, DC: American Academy of Optometry, 1987:3-15.
Gregg JR. History of the American Academy of Optometry 1922-1986. pp.17-24.
Gregg JR. History of the American Academy of Optometry 1922-1986. P. 192.
Koetting RA. The American Optometric Association’s First Century. St. Louis, MO: American Optometric Asso-ciation, 1997:18.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History. St. Louis, MO: American Optometric Association, 1972:87-88.
In Memoriam: Reginald C. Augustine, Opt.D. Northwest J Optom 1924;1:272.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, p. 83.
Overton R, Parks B, Rodgers B, Rodgers D, Walters D. Reginald C. Augustine: Apostle of optometry. J A
Optom Assoc 1975;46:900-904.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, pp. 87-92.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, p. 92.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, p. 91.
Goss DA. From Spectacle Making Trade to Scholarly Profession: A History of Optometry in the United States. Forest Grove, OR: Pacific University Press, 2022:187-195.
Fitch A. My Fifty Years in Optometry, Volume 1. Philadelphia, PA: Pennsylvania State College of Optometry, 1955:145-153, 165-167.
Fitch A. My Fifty Years in Optometry, Volume 1, pp. 105-127.
Fitch A. My Fifty Years in Optometry, Volume 1, p.167.
Baldwin W. Modern optometric education. J Am Optom Assoc 1962;33:667-672.
Hazlett RD, Hofstetter HW. Optometric education in the United States. J Am Optom Assoc 1967;38:927-935.
Goss DA. From Spectacle Making Trade to Scholarly Profession, pp. 221-222.
Fiorillo J. Berkeley Optometry: A History. Berkeley, CA: University of California Berkeley School of Optometry, 2010:52-120.
Fiorillo J. Berkeley Optometry, pp. 40-42.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, pp. 49-55.
Fiorillo J. Berkeley Optometry, p. 112.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, pp. 93-96.
Gregg JR. American Optometric Association – A History, p. 125.
Bailey RN. The history of ethics and professionalism within optometry in the United States of America 1898-2015, Part 1. Hindsight: J Optom Hist 2016;47:14-31.