“Have you any Bread and Wine?” Conflict and Reciprocity in a Traditional Children’s Game

Main Article Content

Fionnán Mac Gabhann

Abstract

In this article, I examine the traditional children’s game Roman Soldiers as a vehicle through which children contemplated community amid sectarian strife. Drawing on published and archival sources from Ireland, Britain, and the Americas, I suggest that children played with, critiqued, and, at times, subverted the conflicts that engulfed their societies through this game. In the process, children frequently highlighted the necessity of reciprocity for the maintenance of communal accord.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

Section
Articles
Author Biography

Fionnán Mac Gabhann, Indiana University, Bloomington

Fionnán Mac Gabhann holds an MLitt in folklore and ethnology from University College Dublin and is a current PhD student in the Department of Folklore & Ethnomusicology, Indiana University. His doctoral research focuses on the performance of history and the utilization of tradition and memory in Gaelic-speaking Ireland.

References

Abrahams, Roger D. 1976. “Complex Relations of Simple Forms.” In Folklore Genres, ed. Dan Ben Amos, pp. 194–214.

Austin: University of Texas Press.

Babcock, William H. 1886. “Song-Games and Myth-Dramas at Washington.” Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine 37: 239–257.

———. 1888. “Games of Washington Children.” American Anthropologist 1: 243–296.

Bauman, Richard. 1972. “Differential Identity and the Social Base of Folklore.” In Toward New Perspectives in Folklore Studies, ed. Américo Paredes and Richard Bauman, pp. 31–41. Austin: University of Texas Press.

———. 1977. Verbal Art as Performance. Illinois: Waveland Press.

———. 1982. “Ethnography of Children’s Folklore.” In Children in and Out of School: Ethnography and Education, ed. Perry

Gilmore and Allan .A. Glatthorn, pp. 172– 186. Washington DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.

———. 2006. “Speech Genres in Cultural Practice.” In International Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, ed. Keith Brown, Vol. 11, pp. 745–58. London: Elsevier.

Barker, K. Brandon and Claiborne Rice. 2019. Folk Illusions: Children, Folklore, and Sciences of Perception. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Beresin, Anna R. 2010. Recess Battles: Playing, Fighting and Storytelling. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.

Bosanquet, Rosalie E. 1929. In the Troublesome Times. Newcastle: Northumberland Press.

Brady, Eilís. 1975. All in! All in!. Dublin: Four Courts Press.

Brown, Frank C. 1952. “Children’s Games and Rhymes.” In The Frank C. Brown Collection of North Carolina Folklore, ed. Paul G. Brewster, Vol. 1. pp. 29–220. Durham: Duke University Press.

Burne, Charlotte Sophia, ed. 1886. Shropshire Folk-lore: A Sheaf of Gleanings, Vol. 3. London: Trübner & Co.

Cashman, Ray. 2000. “Christmas Mumming Today in Northern Ireland.” Midwestern Folklore 26(1): 27–47.

———. 2007. “Mumming on the Irish Border: Social and Political Implication.” In Border-Crossing: Mumming in Cross-Border and Cross-Community Contexts, ed. Anthony D. Buckley, Críostóir Mac Cárthaigh, Séamas Ó Catháin, Séamus Mac Mathúna, pp. 39–56. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press.

———. 2021. “Neighbourliness and Decency, Witchcraft and Famine: Reflections on Community from Irish Folklore.” Journal of American Folklore 134(531): 79–100.

Chalk, Edwin S. 1920. “Children’s Song Games in Devon.” Devon & Cornwall Notes & Queries 11: 50–51.

Chase, Richard. 1949. Singing Games and Playparty Games. New York: Dover.

Daiken, Leslie. 1949. Children’s Games Throughout the Year. London: Batsford.

Dundes, Alan. 1975. “On Game Morphology: A Study of the Structure of Non-Verbal Folklore.” In Analytic Essays in Folklore, ed. Alan Dundes, pp. 80–87. The Hague: Mouton & Co.

Dickson, David. 2005. Old World Colony: Cork and South Munster 1630–1830. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.

Ford, Robert. 1904. Children’s Rhymes, Children’s Games, Children’s Songs, Children’s Stories, 2nd ed. Paisley: Alexander Gardner. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/24271/24271-h/24271-h.htm, accessed 7.03.2021.

Fowke, Edith. 1969. Sally go Round the Sun: three hundred children’s songs, rhymes and games. Ontario: McClelland & Stewart.

Frazer, Amy Stewart. 1975. Dae Ye Min' Langsyne?: A Pot-pourri of Games, Rhymes, and Ploys of Scottish Childhood. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Gailey, Alan. 1969. Irish Folk Drama. Cork: The Mercier Press.

Glassie, Henry. 1975. All Silver no Brass. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

———. 2007. “Mumming in Ballymenone.” In Border-Crossing: Mumming in Cross- Border and Cross-Community Contexts, ed. Anthony D. Buckley, Críostóir Mac Cárthaigh, Séamas Ó Catháin, Séamus Mac Mathúna, pp. 91–101. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press.

Goldstein, Kenneth. 1999. “Strategy in Counting Out: An Ethnographic Folklore Field Study.” In International Folkloristics, ed. Alan Dundes, pp. 231–244. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Gomme, Alice Bertha. 1894. Children’s Singing Games: With the Tunes to which They are Sung. London and New York: David Nutt and Macmillan Publishers.

———. 1894–98. The Traditional Games of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Facsimile of the first edition, with an introduction by Father Damien Webb. London: Thames and Hudson, 1984.

Gilchrist, Anne Geddes, Cecil J. Sharp and Lucy Broadwood. 1910. “Note on the Traditional Singing Game ‘Romans and English’.” Journal of the Folk-Song Society 4(14): 67–75.

Gillington, Alice E. 1913. Old Dorset Singing Games. London: J. Curwen and Sons.

———. 1919. Old Isle of Wight Singing Games. London: J. Curwen and Sons.

Hammond, David. 1986. Songs of Belfast, 2nd ed. Cork: The Mercier Press.

Hickson, Katharine. 1991. Victorian Singing Games. London: The Folklore Society.

Hornby, John. 1913. The Joyous Book of Singing Games: Collected and Arranged with Pianoforte Accompaniments. Leeds: E.J. Arnold.

Kane, Alice. 1983. Songs and Sayings of an Ulster Childhood, ed. Edith Fowke. Toronto, Canada: McClelland and Stewart.

Kerr, James S. 1912. Kerr’s Guild of Play: Containing 49 Singing Games with Pianoforte Accompaniments. Glasgow: Kerr Publishing.

Kidson, Frank. 1916. 100 Singing Games: Old, New and Adapted. Glasgow: Bayley and Ferguson.

Lanclos, Donna M. 2003. At Play in Belfast: Children’s Folklore and Identities in Northern Ireland. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Leyden, Maurice. 1993. Boys and Girls Come Out to Play: A Collection of Irish Singing Games. Belfast: Appletree.

Linscott, Eloise Hubbard. 1939. Folk Songs of Old New England. New York: MacMillan Publishers.

Lomax, Alan. 1997. Brown Girl in the Ring: An Anthology of Song Games from the Eastern Caribbean. New York: Pantheon Books.

Mac Cárthaigh, Críostóir. 2007. “Room to Rhyme: Irish Christmas Mumming in Transition.” In Border-Crossing: Mumming in Cross-Border and Cross-Community Contexts, ed. Anthony D. Buckley, Críostóir Mac Cárthaigh, Séamas Ó Catháin, Séamus Mac Mathúna, pp. 146–170. Dundalk: Dundalgan Press.

MacLagan, Robert Craig. 1901. The Games and Diversion of Argyleshire. London: David Nutt.

Marshall, John J. 2015. Popular Rhymes and Sayings of Ireland, 2nd edition. Dungannon: Books Ulster.

McBain, James M. 1887. Arbroath: Past and Present, Arbroath: Brodie and Salmond.

McDowell, John. 1986. “Children’s Folklore.” In Handbook of American Folklore, ed.

Richard Dorson, pp. 314–322. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Newell, William W. 1903. Games and Songs of American Children. New York: Harper.

Ní Dhuibhne, Éilís. 1982. “Dublin Street Rhymes and Old English Metre.” Sinsear 4: 76–82.

Ó Catháin, Séamas. 1988. Súil Siar ar Scéim na Scol. Sinsear 5: 19–30.

O’Casey, Seán. 1960. I Knock at the Door. New York: MacMillan.

Opie, Iona & Peter. 1985. The Singing Game. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pentin, Rev. Canon Herbert. 1953. “Dorset Children’s Doggeral Rhymes.” The Dorset Year Book for 1952–53: 33–38.

Propp, Vladimir. 1968. The Morphology of the Folktale, 2nd ed. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Ritchie, James T.R. 1965. Golden City. Edinburgh and London: Oliver and Boyd.

Roud, Steve. 2010. The Lore of the Playground: One hundred Years of Children’s Games, Rhymes and Traditions. London: Random House.

Shaw, Frank. 1970. You Know Me Anty Nelly?: Liverpool Children’s Rhymes. London: Wolfe.

Shuldham-Shaw, Patrick, Emily B. Lyle, Katherine Campbell, ed. 2002. The Greig- Duncan Folk Song Collection, Vol. 8. Edinburgh: Mercat Press.

Sutton-Smith, Brian. 1959a. “A Formal Analysis of Game Meaning.” Western Folklore 18: 13–24.

———. 1959b. The Games of New Zealand Children, Berkeley: University of California Press.

Thornley, Rev. Canon. 1901. “Children’s Games Played at Kirkoswald, Cumberland.” Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society 2(1): 268–279.

Udal, John Symonds. 1922. Dorsetshire Folk-Lore. Hertford, England: S. Austin.