Enslaved Philanthropists: Charity, Community, and Freedom in the Americas
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Abstract
This article explores a manifestation of Islamic philanthropy in the direst circumstances: charity, in the form of zakat and sadaqa, offered by enslaved and freed West African Muslims in Brazil, Trinidad, and the United States. They used charity to free coreligionists and support the community. In the Caribbean, their charitable undertakings influenced non-Muslims who reinterpreted sadaqa and integrated it into their own religious and cultural activities.
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