Beyond Confucius Zhengming (正名) in the Chunqiu Fanlu
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Abstract
Among the ancient interpretations of zhengming (correction of names), the Chunqiu Fanlu is a representative early imperial source. It explores several intrinsic problems of zhengming and gives its solutions. First, regarding the asymmetry between the grammatical structure of zhengming and its most widely accepted meaning, the Chunqiu Fanlu resolves the tension by differentiating between the generation and application of ming (names). Second, while section 13.3 of the Lunyu presents an ambiguous relationship between words (yan 言) and action, the Chunqiu Fanlu illustrates how zhengming, as a discourse system serving argumentative purposes, is connected to practical concerns. Third, concerning the orientation of the zhengming theory—whether logical and epistemological or ethical and political—the Chunqiu Fanlu demonstrates that the ostensibly epistemological focus of zhengming is ultimately rooted in ethical and political concerns. In this way, the Chunqiu Fanlu inspires us to reconsider and clarify several issues raised by modern interpretations.
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