Search for spin-dependent short-range force between nucleons using optically polarized $^3\text{He}$ gas

Abstract

We propose a new method to detect short-range $P$- and $T$- violating interactions between nucleons, based on measuring the precession frequency shift of polarized $^3\text{He}$ nuclei in the presence of an unpolarized mass. To maximize the sensitivity, a high-pressure $^3\text{He}$ cell with thin glass windows $(250 μm)$ is used to minimize the distance between the mass and $^3\text{He}$. The magnetic field fluctuation is suppressed by using the $^3\text{He}$ gas in a different region of the cell as a magnetometer. Systematic uncertainties from the magnetic properties of the mass are suppressed by flipping both the magnetic field and spin directions. Without any magnetic shielding, our result has already reached the sensitivity of the current best limit. With improvement in uniformity and stability of the field, we can further improve the sensitivity by 2 orders of magnitude over the force range from $10^{−4}−10^{−2}\ \text{m}$ .