Facet-Dependent Deposition of Highly Strained Alloyed Shells on Intermetallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalysis

Abstract

Surface strains can enhance the performance of platinum-based core@shell electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Bimetallic core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) are widely studied nanocatalysts but often have limited lattice mismatch and surface compositions; investigations of core@shell NPs with greater compositional complexity and lattice misfit are in their infancy. Here, a new class of multimetallic NPs composed of intermetallic cores and random alloy shells is reported. Specifically, face-centered cubic Pt–Cu random alloy shells were deposited on PdCu B2 intermetallic seeds in a facet-dependent manner, giving rise to faceted core@shell NPs with highly strained surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed orientation-dependent surface strains, where the compressive strains were greater on Pt–Cu {200} than {111} facets. These core@shell NPs provide higher specific area and mass activities for the ORR when compared to conventional Pt–Cu NPs. Moreover, these intermetallic@random alloy NPs displayed high endurance, undergoing 10,000 cycles with only a slight decay in activity and no apparent structural changes.