PAST INFLUENCES, CURRENT ISSUES, FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS

Abstract

This chapter is part of a book that is based on the premise that drinking behaviors are primarily learned. This chapter highlights the deep entrenchment of cultural differences that have their origins in antiquity. Without an understanding of these differences, there is a tendency to restrict research to limited topics or to repeat or implement, policies that have little effect in reducing problematic alcohol consumption. The chapter briefly touches upon the origins of Western culture’s drinking norms and the association of the past with present attitudes and behaviors in regard to drinking, including religious differences, health reform, and temperance cycles, and transmission of cultural values through the family and other vehicles. It discusses phases of temperance cycles and theories of problematic drinking among youth including Reactance, Control of Consumption, along with new thinking concerning educational programming arising from evidence based research.Lastly it identifies emerging directions for research, especially involving youth issues.