GIS Tools for 3-D Surficial Mapping in Ohio

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Date
2008
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U.S. Geological Survey
Abstract
The Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey is currently mapping the surficial geology of Ohio in three dimensions (3-D) using a modified version of the stack-mapping technique of Kempton (1981). The stack-mapping technique depicts the geology for an area in 3-D by listing the unconsolidated (mostly glacial) geologic units from the surface to bedrock, the thickness of each unit, and the underlying bedrock unit. The new mapping of the surficial geology is intended to replace the older and smaller-scale mapping that was based upon generalized, two-dimensional mapping techniques. Three ArcMap-based software applications were developed to assist with the stack-unit mapping program. The first software application used the lithologies from water wells to create on-screen graphics representing the stratigraphic columns for each well record. These stratigraphic columns are interpreted by the geologist to assign a generalized stack unit for each polygon. The second software application consists of two tools used to attribute and label the stack-map polygons, which will capture the information in the GIS and for cartographic display. The first tool attributes a one-to-many relationship between a surficial-geology polygon and the lithology table. The second tool labels the surficial-geology polygons with the stack text for use in map publishing. The third application performs custom queries against the lithology table that can be used to create derivative mapping products, such as location and thickness of sand and gravel resources. These three applications allow the efficient creation of 3-D surficial-geology polygons and labels within a GIS database, and provide analysis tool to facilitate the use of the 3-D surficial geology maps for specific applications.
Description
This poster was presented at the 2007 meeting of the Digital Mapping Techniques Conference in Columbia, South Carolina, May 20-23, 2007.
Keywords
Ohio, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, surficial geology, unconsolidated sediments, glacial geology, 3-D mapping, GIS, GIS database, stack-map, stack-map polygons, stack-unit mapping, ArcMap software applications
Citation
McDonald, J., Pavey, R. R., Venteris, E. R., and Wells, J. G., 2008, Digital Mapping Techniques ‘07—Workshop Proceedings, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1385.
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This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 543 Howard Street, 5th Floor, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
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