Circulars - IGS

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    Geology of the Falls of the Ohio River (1999)
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1999) Powell, Richard L.
    Indiana Geological Survey Circular 10 Geology of the Falls of the Ohio River is written for a scientific audience and discusses the geomorphology, stratigraphy and geologic history of the Devonian rocks at the Falls. Also included are an assortment of maps, cross sections, and diagrams, depicting important geologic relationships. Several figures show nicely illustrated fossils which are commonly found at the Falls. Two appendices are included, one revealing a descriptive geologic section and the second listing fossil corals found in the Jeffersonville Limestone at the Falls of the Ohio.
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    Geology of the Falls of the Ohio River
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1970) Powell, Richard L.
    Indiana Geological Survey Circular 10 Geology of the Falls of the Ohio River is written for a scientific audience and discusses the geomorphology, stratigraphy and geologic history of the Devonian rocks at the Falls. Also included are an assortment of maps, cross sections, and diagrams, depicting important geologic relationships. Several figures show nicely illustrated fossils which are commonly found at the Falls. Two appendices are included, one revealing a descriptive geologic section and the second listing fossil corals found in the Jeffersonville Limestone at the Falls of the Ohio.
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    Let's look at rocks: collecting and identifying rocks in Indiana
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2003) Shaffer, Nelson; William, Wayne
    Rocks are made up of a mixture of minerals. Therefore you need to know what minerals and how much of each mineral are in a rock before you can give that rock a name. This has been an obstacle for the student of nature and natural science who just wants to give a rock he has collected a fairly accurate name without having first to study mineralogy. Simple ways of identifying common species of birds, trees, flowers, and many other living creatures have long been available, but most geologists have not provided similar guides for identifying rocks. To help fill this need I have prepared this brief handbook as an aid in identifying most of the common rocks of Indiana. It does not mention the rarer Indiana rock types. My purpose is to help the beginning student of rocks take his first steps into the subject with a little more confidence. I hope the satisfaction that he may get from being able to identify most rocks he is likely to find in Indiana may awaken in the student of natural history an interest in more serious study of rocks, minerals, and fossils.
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    Gold and Diamonds in Indiana: An Update (2005)
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2005) Blatchley, Willis S.; Hill, John R.
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    Gold and Diamonds in Indiana: An Update (1988)
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1988) Blatchley, Willis S.; Hill, John R.
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    Gold and Diamonds in Indiana
    (Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1963) Blatchley, Willis S.
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    A Guide to Caves and Karst of Indiana
    (Indiana University Press, 2012) Frushour, Samuel S.
    With more than 3,000 known caves in the state of Indiana, it is not surprising that humans have used them for a variety of purposes. In more recent years, caves have become the sites of scientific investigations, as well as places of recreation. In this publication, we describe several Indiana caves.
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    Caves of Indiana
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1961-10) Powell, Richard L.; Florea, Lee J. (edited by)
    The year 2021 is the 60th anniversary of the first publication of Caves of Indiana by Richard L. “Dick” Powell. To commemorate that anniversary, the Indiana Geological and Water Survey (IGWS) is releasing a digital version of this book. This release also coincides with the International Year of Caves and Karst sponsored by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
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    Halite - Salty Mystery of Life
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1981) Rarick, R. Dee
    Salt is vital to nearly all living things and has been almost since the beginning of time. Men and other animals need common salt to help maintain a critical chemical balance in their bodies. The blood and other fluids that bathe every cell of our bodies consist basically of a salt solution of almost the same proportion or composit ion as that of sea water. Salt regulates the exchange of water between the body's cells and their surrounding fluid, which carries food in and wastes out. When the first vertebrates crawled out onto the land to stay, these internal saline fluids enabled them to survive in that strange new environment. Salt is necessary for life. Without it man and all other animals would die.
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    Pages from the Geologic Past of Marion County
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1963) Judah, Robert E. (Illustrator); Harrison, Wyman
    The "pages" of rock strata that together form the geologic history book of Marion County are written in a foreign language of fossils, rock fragments, and mineral grains. We are able to translate the messages from these accumulations of extinct organisms and lifeless mineral matters through the knowledge gained from efforts of many generations of geologists. The meaning of the story of earth history that arises from the work of thousands of geologist translators lies in the connections man finds between his life and the world around him.
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    Adventures with Fossils
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1959-06) Shaver, Robert H.
    Many laymen write to the Indiana Geological Survey and ask: “Please send me books and maps on fossils and where they can be found.” Some write on tablet paper in the labored fifth-grade hand of a school child; others write on linen in the neatly feminine and classic lines that are surely those of a school teacher; still others type on expensive letterheads that show the nature of their professions. This circular is written for all of them but especially for those of school age. It is for school teachers, scoutmasters, parents, and other counselors of children. It is a beginner’s guide to fossils, most useful to collectors in Indiana. It is for the curious everywhere who do not write to me, but who seek a hobby, avocation, or beginning knowledge to a profession. It is for all who are interested and seek, through fossils, one means to the Truth.
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    Fossils: Prehistoric Animals in Hoosier Rocks
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1959) Perry, Thomas G.
    Fossils are abundant in Indiana’s rocks, and Hoosiers commonly seek information about these relics of ancient life from the Indiana Geological Survey. The primary purpose of this circular is to provide information on the principles of paleontology and the major kinds of fossils found in Indiana. Many of the fossils illustrated in this Circular are found in Indiana bedrock; some have been included to provide more information on the characteristics of the major groups of fossils. Another purpose is to stimulate interest in fossil collecting, a healthful pastime that may lead younger readers to a rewarding career. This account of ancient life concludes with a list of books that deal largely with fossils and earth history. Fossilized remains of primitive vertebrates are not discussed as they are rare in Hoosier rocks. Prehistoric plant life in Indiana is not considered, as Canright (1959) has recently described plants that grew in Indiana in the geologic past.
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    Let's Look at Some Rocks
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1958) Wayne, William J.
    Rocks are made up of a mixture of minerals. Therefore you need to know what minerals and how much of each mineral are in a rock before you can give that rock a name. This has been an obstacle for the student of nature and natural science who just wants to give a rock he has collected a fairly accurate name without having first to study mineralogy. Simple ways of identifying common species of birds, trees, flowers, and many other living creatures have long been available, but most geologists have not provided similar guides for identifying rocks. To help fill this need I have prepared this brief handbook as an aid in identifying most of the common rocks of Indiana. It does not mention the rarer Indiana rock types. My purpose is to help the beginning student of rocks take his first steps into the subject with a little more confidence. I hope the satisfaction that he may get from being able to identify most rocks he is likely to find in Indiana may awaken in the student of natural history an interest in more serious study of rocks, minerals, and fossils.
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    Guide to some minerals and rocks in Indiana
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1958) Greenberg, Seymour S.; Bundy, Wayne M.; McGregor, Duncan J.
    The study of minerals and rocks is an important part of the science of geology, which treats of the history of the earth and its life, especially as recorded in the rocks. Surprisingly many of us accept as commonplace many of nature's creations because they are so familiar. Actually, we can find the earth we live on a fascinating world if only we open our eyes to see it. Geologically, Indiana is an interesting state. It has many fascinating geologic and scenic prospects in its more rugged regions., and even its flat areas possess much interesting geologic phenomenan. At one time or another everyone probably has been curious about some particular rock or other object originating in the earth. But most of us who have been curious about these rocks or objects could not identify them, and thus our curiosity remained unsatisfied because we could find no explanation for their existence. This circular was prepared with the hope that it may satisfy, at least in part, the curiosity aroused by finding rocks or minerals. It is hoped that those who have discovered rocks and minerals will be encouraged to become further acquainted with their finds by using this guide. It is impossible to cover fully in this brief report all the characteristics and variations of each kind of rock and mineral found in Indiana. For detailed information regarding Indiana geology, the reader should consult the more detailed reports of the Geological Survey and its predecessors.
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    Common Rocks, Minerals and Fossils Found in Indiana
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1954) Smith, Ned M.; Brookley, Arthur C.; McGregor, Duncan J.
    Rocks, minerals, and fossils of Indiana are the foundation, directly or indirectly, of the economic well-being of the state. Utilization of rocks, minerals, and fossils has contributed to the development of civilization. Those persons who have the ability, initiative, and vigor to utilize the earth's mineral resources advantageously are most likely to progress and prosper. One of the responsibilities of the Indiana Geological Survey is the investigation of mineral wealth within the state. Not only should the citizens of Indiana be informed about these resources, but also people in other states should know that Indiana is a mining, as well as an agricultural and a manufacturing, state. Because of rather extensive exploitation of limestone, dolomite, clay) shale, sand, gravel, coal, water, and oil resources in Indiana, more people are becoming aware that the science of geology exists and that much can be gained by an understanding of it. The interest of Hoosiers) as well as other people, in Indiana's rocks, minerals, and fossils is revealed both by the many inquiries received by the Geological Survey for information concerning Indiana's mineral resources and by the specimen samples sent to the Survey for identification. This circular has been prepared, therefore, primarily to accompany a set of common rocks, minerals, and fossils found in Indiana. These specimens are described in some detail in nontechnical terms in order that students in secondary schools, amateur collectors, scout organizations, and other interested persons and groups can become familiar with them. The authors can neither cover fully in this brief report all characteristics and variations of any given specimen nor describe in detail the infinite varieties of each rock, mineral, and fossil found in Indiana. For special information regarding Indiana geology, the reader should consult the more detailed reports of the Geological Survey and its predecessors. The staff of the Indiana Geological Survey hope that the study of specimen rocks, minerals, and fossils. will help in answering some of the questions about Indiana geology.
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    An Introduction to the Geology of Parke County, Indiana
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1953) Wier, Charles E.; Wayne, William J.
    Parke County, which is located about 50 miles west of Indianapolis, has an area of 447 square miles. It is bounded on the north by Fountain County, on the northeast by Montgomery County, on the east by Putnam County, on the south by Clay and Vigo Counties, and on the west by Vermillion County. This publication provides a summary of the glacial and bedrock geology of Parke County, Indiana, including information on landforms, bedrock geology and mineral resources.
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    Geologic Formations on which and with which Indiana's Roads are Built
    (Indiana Geological Survey, 1952) Deiss, Charles F.
    This publication could also be titled “Sources of aggregates and types of highway subgrades in Indiana.” Our highways are built of aggregates cemented together with one kind or another of portland cement, bituminous materials, or resinous plastics. Often engineers want to know more about the origin, extent, and mineral composition of gravels and limestones used as aggregate. Because engineers don't have this information, they experience financial loss and frustration until they find the answers. The engineers of the Highway Commission, likewise, know better than anyone else in Indiana the various types of subgrades and the characteristic behavior of each type of aggregate on which our roads are built. But the engineers would like also to know m uch more about the origin, thickness, lateral extent, mineral composition, and interrelationships of the wide variety of subgrades encountered in our highway system. To answer questions of this kind, engineers and aggregate producers, in this country and abroad, are turning increasingly to geology and mineralogy, because these sciences are proving to be the most economical and dependable methods of finding new deposits and of indicating the type and size of subgrades (terranes) that will be encountered by new highways that will cross untested areas. The greatly increased use of aggregates during the past 10 years is being intensified by the demand for aggregates to build the modern heavy duty roads of this decade. These demands already are beginning to exhaust some of our present deposits. New sources of aggregates, favorably located along the proposed routes of such new superhighways, will be expensive to find and to evaluate. Since July 1947, the Indiana Geological Survey (Patton, 1949, pp. 1-47) has studied, sampled, and mapped every operating limestone quarry in Indiana (Pl. l), and also has examined nearly 3,100 gravel pits, including the 620 that are currently operating. In addition, the Geological Survey has analyzed each type of limestone encountered in quarries, and has collected information about the composition of Indiana’s gravels and sands. This publication discusses the geology, distribution and accessibility of Indiana limestones and gravels, and also to indicate the differences in origin of the materials that make up the several kinds of subgrades which support our roads.