Increasing the self-efficacy of individuals with a disability through a theory-based curriculum applied to playing golf

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Date
2011-05
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Walter de Gruyter
Abstract
Project GAIN (Golf: Accessible and Inclusive Networks) is a theory-based curriculum developed to promote an active life-style and inclusion of individuals with disabilities by enhancing their self-efficacy through golf. Over a 5-year period (2004–2008), 814 participants with and without dis- abilities from six cities across the USA formally enrolled in Project GAIN. Mentors were used to increase lesson participation, engagement between lessons, and inclusion in golf- related activities. For this study, data from 327 individuals with disabilities and 295 mentors with and without disabilities were used for analysis purposes. Data included measures of perceived self-efficacy in golf, future plans in golf, and a weekly log of golf-related activities. Paired-samples t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA were utilized to examine the effects of Project GAIN on participants’ intention to participate and actual participation in golf-related activities. Results indicated that both study groups (individuals with disabilities and mentors) significantly increased their self-efficacy in golf as well as their intention to play golf in future. Significant increases in golf-related activity were reported in weekly logs over the 5 weeks of data collection. Bonferroni post hoc tests were employed to examine mean differences between weekly observations. Significant mean differences between weeks 1 and 3, and 1 and 5 were found. The Project GAIN curriculum successfully contributed to improving participants’ belief that they could play golf. The study findings support the effectiveness of Project GAIN in increasing golf-related activities that may lead to increased inclusion and physical activity.
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Keywords
theory of planned behavior, self-efficacy, individuals with disabilities, inclusion, golf, active lifestyle
Citation
Kim, K., Compton, D., Robb, G. (2011). Increasing the self-efficacy of individuals with disability through a theory-based curriculum applied to playing golf. International Journal on Disability and Human Development, 10(2), 151-157.
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© 2011 by Walter de Gruyter
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Article
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