Bulletins - IGWS

Permanent link for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/2022/155

Introduced in 1948, bulletins were the third series to appear as an IGWS publication and contained major statewide geological studies. This series used a 6- by 9-inch format. The last bulletin, Indiana Geological Survey Bulletin 65 titled “The Role of Carbonate Bedrock in the Formation of Indianite Halloysite Clays,” was published in 1995. All required a full formal review.

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Annotated Bibliography of Indiana Geology 1956 Through 1975
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1987) Hasenmueller, Nancy R.; Tankersley, Jenny
Annotated Bibliography of Indiana through 1955
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1962) Nevers, George M.; Walker, Richard D.
Applied Geology of Industrial Limestone and Dolomite
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1971) Rooney, Lawrence F.; Carr, Donald D.
The title of this report as first proposed was "What a Consulting Geologist Should Know About Industrial Limestone" because this effort was born of a request from the Indiana-Kentucky Geological Society, Inc., for a refresher course in the economic geology of limestone. The present title was adopted, however, because the completed report is understandable to anyone with some formal or informal geologic training and an interest in the applied geology of industrial limestones. Many of Indiana's mineral producers have developed a keen understanding of the geology associated with the particular deposit that they work, but because of a lack of training, they do not know how geology can be used in a broader sense to explore and exploit limestone deposits. We believe that this report will help answer some of the questions frequently asked by both the consulting geologist and the mineral producer. Consulting geologists and mineral producers certainly need to know something about industrial limestone. The total tonnage of carbonate rocks mined or consumed in the United States in 1968 was about 603 million tons and the total value about 857 million dollars (U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, 1968). To meet the need for this basic building block of our society, the deposits now being sought must be larger, purer, and more strategically situated than ever before. Once a new quarry meant the investment of a few tens of thousands of dollars. Now it is likely to mean a million or more. The producer cannot afford to make this investment in an inadequate deposit. He needs the help of a geologist, and he needs to be able to evaluate geologic information properly. To reach as broad an audience as possible, we have used a minimum of technical terms. According to custom, industrial limestone of limestone is here synonymous with limestone and dolomite unless the contest indicates otherwise. The chemical composition of limestone is important in many uses, and limestone and dolomite are often described in terms of their carbonate context. These terms are arbitrary and depend partly on the context, both in terms of use and availability of high-grade limestone. As used in this report, high-calcium limestone is limestone composed of 95 percent CaCO3. Ultra-high calcium limestone is more than 97 percent CaCO3, high-purity carbonate rock is more than 95 percent combined CaCO3 and MgCO3, and high-purity dolomite is more than 42 percent MgCO3. (Theoretically, pure dolomite would contain 45.7 percent MgCO3.)
Arenaceous Foraminifera from the Brassfield Limestone (Albion) of Southeastern Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1961) Mound, Michael C.
Arenaceous Foraminiferida and Zonation of the Silurian Rocks of Northern Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1968) Mound, Michael C.
Bryozoans From the Glen Dean Limestone (Middle Chester) of Southern Indiana and Kentucky
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1963) Perry, Thomas Gregory
Cambrian and Ordovician Stratigraphy and Oil and Gas Possibilities in Indiana
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1958) Gutstadt, Allan M.
Cambrian and Ordovician rocks throughout most of Indiana are subdivided in ascending order as follows: lower part of the St. Croixan series, consisting of the Mt. Simon sandstone and the Eau Claire formation, upper part of the St. Croixan series and the Canadian series consisting of the Knox dolomite; the Chazyan series consisting of the St. Peter sandstone and the Joachim dolomite; the Mohawkian series consisting of the Black River limestone and the Trenton limestone; and the Cincinnatian series consisting of the Eden group (undifferentiated) and the Maysville-Richmond group (undifferentiated). The Mt. Simon sandstone, the Eau Claire formation and the lower part of the Knox dolomite may be facies that represent contemporaneous environments, respectively, of beach or littoral deposition, near-shore deposition, and offshore deposition. The St. Peter sandstone, was deposited unconformably on the eroded surface of the Knox and was succeeded by carbonate deposition until late Ordovician time. The Cincinnatian series represents shallow-water deposition where the physical and biological environments alternated rapidly between clear water and optimum conditions for life and muddy water and unfavorable conditions for life. The Mt. Simon sandstone and the Eau Claire formation are virtually untested for oil and gas, although the Mt. Simon has ideal reservoir characteristics of the "blanket-sand" type, and the Eau Claire exhibits rapid local changes in porosity which might serve to localize accumulations of oil or gas. The Knox dolomite contains highly permeable zones, and many shows of gas have been reported, although commercial production is lacking. The St. Peter sandstone has been considered a good prospect for oil or gas, but remarkably few shows of either have been reported. Any oil or gas found in the Black River most likely will be in local dolomitized lenses. Additional Trenton production might be found in northern Indiana, where the formation consists of dolomite, and possibly in southern Indiana, where the formation contains interbedded shale. Only a few shows have been reported from Cincinnatian rocks, and possibilities are not attractive because of the lack of good reservoir rocks.
Cement Raw Material Resources of Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1975) Carr, Donald D.; French, Robert R.; Rooney, Lawrence Fredrich; Sunderman, Jack A.
Cement Raw Materials in Indiana
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1958-12) McGregor, Duncan J.
Limestone that is chemically suitable and easily accessible for cement manufacture can be found at many places in Indiana in the Mississippian limestones and to a more limited extent in the Devonian limestones. Clay, shale, and gypsum, also used in manufacturing cement, are readily available close to limestone reserves. Five areas in Indiana are most favorable for establishing cement plants: Bloomington-Spencer-Gosport, Paoli-Mitchell-Bedford, Greencastle, central Clark County, and southern Harrison County; a sixth area, east of Logansport, also may have limestone suitable for cement manufacture. Five of these areas are close to railroad lines and fuel supplies; the southern Harrison County area is favorably situated for barge transportation on the Ohio River. Reserves of mineral raw materials in 5 of the areas probably are sufficient to supply a cement plant for 50 years. Surface study does not permit an accurate appraisal of the Logansport area, but it probably also has sufficient reserves.
Characteristics of Late Wisconsinan Tills in Eastern Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1973) Gooding, Ansel M.
Clay and Shale Resources of Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1975) Austin, George S.
Clays and Shales of Indiana
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1964) Harrison, Jack L.; Murray, Haydn
Modern concepts of clays as assemblages of discrete minerals form the basis for the first reevaluation of the clays and shales of Indiana since 1933. Brief explanations of the fundamentals of clay mineralogy and the major methods of investigation of clays enable the reader to understand more fully the data obtained. Tabulated mineralogic, ceramic, and chemical data for 251 samples chosen from about 1, 000 samples give a perspective of the types, properties, and locations of clays in Indiana. These data reveal that Indiana has large reserves of clay suitable as raw material for many types of products. The most notable reserves are several abundant clays and shales for manufacturing structural clay products and cement, the Pennsylvanian underclays for use in refractories and structural clay products, and certain shales, such as the New Providence Shale, for producing lightweight aggregate.
Coal Resources of Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1973) Weir, Charles E.
Compendium of Paleozoic Rock-Unit Stratigraphy in Indiana—a Revision
(Indiana Department of Natural Resources Geological Survey, 1986) Shaver, Robert H.; Ault, Curtis H.; Burger, Ann M.; Carr, Donald D.; Droste, John B.; Eggert, Donald L.; Gray, Henry H.; Harper, Denver; Hasenmueller, Nancy R.; Hasenmueller, Walter A.; Horowitz, Alan S.; Hutchison, Harold C.; Keith, Brian D.; Keller, Stanley J.; Patton, John B.; Rexroad, Carl B.; Wier, Charles E.
Compendium of Rock-Unit Stratigraphy in Indiana
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1970) Shaver, Robert H.; Burger, Anne M.; Smith, Ned M.; Wayne, William John; Weir, Charles E.
The Geologic Names Committee of the Indiana Geological Survey has maintained for several years tables of the more important rock- and time-stratigraphic names that have been used in Indiana. These tables show classification and nomenclature that are current and also include obsolete, colloquial, trade, and synonymous terms. First prepared for members of the Indiana Geological Survey, the tables are presented here, together with descriptive information, for the many persons who use and contribute to geologic knowledge of the state. This compendium, so composed, serves to clarify, unify, and stabilize stratigraphic terminology that nevertheless must remain in a fluid state in order to accommodate ever-increasing geologic information. It thus adds to, brings up to date, but does not supplant the next earlier nomenclatural summary for Indiana (Cummings, 1922, "Nomenclature and Description of the Geological Formations of Indiana," in Logan and others, Handbook of Indiana Geology), which contains much valuable information, particularly paleontologic, time-stratigraphic, historical, and bibliographic, that is not repeated here. In recognition of our debt to our predecessors in the field of Indiana stratigraphy, we here dedicate the Compendium of Rock-Unit Stratigraphy in Indiana to the pioneers of Indiana stratigraphy. Amond these, we cannot fail to mention George H. Ashley (1866-1951), Edgar R. Cumings (1874-1967), August F. Foerste (1862-1936), E.M. Kindle (1869-1940), Frank Leverett (1859-1943), Clyde A. Malott (1887-1950), and David Dale Owen (1807-60). Begun under the direction of John B. Patton, the compilation of the tables and compendium was organized by the Geologic Names Committee, which consists of Henry H. Gray, Robert H. Shaver (chairman), and Charles E. Wier and formerly also of T.A. Dawson, John B. Patton (chairman), Ned M. Smith, Frank H. Walker, and William J. Wayne. All are grateful for contributions to the compendium, whether of authorship or review, that were made by other persons within and without the Geologic Names Committee. We are particularly grateful to T.G. Perry, who reviewed the entire manuscript. The main body of this report, headed "Rock-Unit Names," is arranged alphabetically and consists of historical, bibliographic, descriptive, and correlative information for each of the Indiana rock-unit names that had had approved use in Geological Survey-sponsored publications or in manuscripts approved for publication as of December 31, 1968. An asterisk (*) indicates new names or conceptually revised names that were first published in this compendium or in other reports and maps as well before their definitive sources were published. Each name should be considered tentative until the definitive source is published. Names regarded by the Indiana Geological Survey as unofficial for its use are not treated in primary fashion, but readers may consult the index, which lists the pages where the status of these names is reviewed. Neither are time and time-stratigraphic terms given primary consideration, and readers should refer to tables 1 through 6, which show the systematic interrelationships of these and rock-unit terms, both official and unofficial. The locations of type sections and type localities or areas for rock units named for Indiana places are shown in this report. The compendium is not intended to have a direct statement on stratigraphic and nomenclatural policy, although the Geological Survey has adopted most of the provisions of the "Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature" (American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1961); some exceptions were published by the Geologic Names Committee (1963). Because they had had much first-hand experience, authors of the lexicon were encouraged to be somewhat authoritative rather than merely compilatory in their manner of presentation, so that primary authorship of each article is indicated by initials. An example of correct citation of a part of the compendium follows: Hutchinson, H.C., 1969, Mansfield Formation, in Shaver, R.H., and others, Compendium of rock-unit stratigraphy in Indiana: Indiana Geol. Survey Bull. 43, p. 102. For information relative to the extent and physical characteristics of physiographic provinces that are mentioned in the text, the reader is referred to Malott (1922).
Conodont Zones in the Rockford Limestone and the Lower Part of the New Providence Shale (Mississippian) in Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1964) Rexroad, Carl Buckner; Scott, Alan J.
Conodonts from Middle Devonian Strata from the Michigan Basin
(Indiana Geological Survey, 1971) Orr, R. William
Study of the stratigraphic distribution of 20 species of the platform genera Icriodus, Polygnathus, Palmatolepis?, and Schmidtognathus at 11 subsurface localities in northern Indiana and at 10 supplementary outcrop localities in northern Indiana, Michigan, and western Ontario makes possible the recognition of five conodont zones in middle Devonian strata of the Michigan Basin. The lower part of the Detroit River Formation of northern Indiana contains a fauna characterized by Polygnathus angusticostatus, P. robusticostatus, and P. “webbi.” This faunal association is similar to that of the Spathognathodus bidentatus Zone (Eifelian) of Europe. The upper Eifelian fauna of the Dundee Limestone of Michigan, Ohio, and western Ontario, which is characterized by Icriodus angustus, is not present in northern Indiana, where the Detroit River is succeeded unconformably by the Traverse Formation. The lower part of Traverse strata of Indiana and the Bell Shale, Rockport Quarry Limestone, Ferron Point Formation, Genshaw Formation, Newton Creek Limestone, and lowermost part of the Alpena Limestone (all the Traverse Group) of Michigan contain a lower Givetian fauna distinguished by I. latericrescens latericrescens below the lowest position of P. varcus. The upper part of the Traverse Formation of Indiana and the upper part of the Alpena Limestone and the Four Mile Dam Limestone, Norway Point Formation, Potter Farm Formation, and Thunder Bay Limestone (all the Traverse Group) of Michigan lie within the P. varcus Zone (upper Givetian). The lowermost part of the Antrim Shale of northern Indiana contains the fauna of the Schmidtognathus hermanni-P. cristatus Zone of probable late middle Devonian (Givetian) age. Forty -four species of conodonts that are referable to 18 genera are present in the collection. The new taxon Icriodus latericrescens robustus is proposed herein.
Conodonts from the Jacobs Chapel Bed (Mississippian) of the New Albany Shale in Southern Indiana
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1969) Rexroad, Carl Buckner
Conodonts from the Menard formation (Chester Series) of the Illinois Basin
(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1965) Rexroad, Carl Buckner; Nicoll, Robert S.
Correlation of the Waldron and Mississinewa Formations
(Indiana Division of Geology, 1948) Esarey, Ralph E.; Bieberman, Doris F.
Silurian and Devonian outcrops of Indiana are divided roughly into two areas, northern and southeastern Indiana. The bedrock of the northern area is largely covered by glacial drift, whereas the bedrock of the southeastern area is well exposed. These two areas are separated by an intervening zone which is blanketed completely by glacial drift. Although accurate and detailed work has been done on the Silurian and Devonian outcrops of the state, the formations of the two areas have never been correlated. The Silurian and Devonian formations in Indiana dip off the Cincinnati and Kankakee Arches into the Michigan Basin and the Eastern Interior Basin. The formations are difficult to trace in subsurface studies, because they are composed of a series of gradational limestones, dolomites, and calcareous siltstones. The surface formations have not been recognized in the subsurface strata. Some of the subsurface beds cannot be correlated with the outcropping beds, because additional sediments deposited in the basin do not appear on the arches. The Silurian-Devonian contact lacks identifying characteristics over much of the area, and, for this reason, many subsurface reports have considered both systems as one unit. The writers believe that accurate determinations of thickening, thinning, and pinching-out of the Silurian and Devonian formations on the flanks of the arches would be of great assistance in future prospecting for oil. These two problems, the geology of the arches and the geology of the basins, go hand in hand. Additional subsurface correlation studies are needed to clarify the Silurian and Devonian stratigraphy of Indiana.

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