Browsing by Author "Shaffer, Nelson R."
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Item 2011 Calendar; Geodes(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2010) Day, John M.; Weber, Licia A.; Hill, Barbara T.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Assessment of the Quality of Indiana Coals for Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Performance(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2005) Drobniak, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Rupp, John A.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Assessment of the quality of Indiana coals for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) performance-final report(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2009) Drobniak, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Rupp, John A.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Assessment of the quality of Indiana coals for integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) performance–a preliminary report(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2008) Drobniak, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Rupp, John A.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Characterization of Indiana's Coal Resource: Availability of the Reserves, Physical and Chemical Properties of the Coal, and Present and Potential Uses(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2004) Drobniak, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Rupp, John A.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Characterization of Indiana's Coal Resource—Availability of the Reserves, Physical and Chemical Properties of the Coal, and Present and Potential Uses(Indiana Geological Survey, 2009) Mastalerz, Maria; Drobniak, Agnieszka; Rupp, John A.; Shaffer, Nelson R.This publication provides a comprehensive summary of Indiana coal resources, coal characteristics, and current and potential use of Indiana coal. In addition to the previously evaluated resources of the Springfield, Danville, and the Seelyville coals, new GIS-based valuations are provided for the Hymera, Houchin Creek, Survant, and Colchester coals. The coal quality of major coal beds in Indiana is discussed and maps of sulfur, ash, and heating value are provided. Summaries of 35 trace elements are given and mercury, selenium, arsenic, and chlorine are discussed in more detail. Other aspects include coalbed methane potential, carbon dioxide sequestration, characteristics of limestone and dolomite for flue gas desulfurization, and the production and use of coal combustion products.Item Characterization of Indiana’s Coal-Mine Aquifer(2009-12-08) Harper, Denver; Branam, Tracy; Shaffer, Nelson R.Almost 200,000 acres of Indiana are underlain by abandoned underground coal mines. Many of the voids are filled with water, representing a high-yield aquifer that may contain 170 billion gallons or more. Since 1984, the Indiana Geological Survey has gathered data on storativities, long-term potentiometric water levels, and the hydrochemistry of six abandoned underground mines scattered across southwestern Indiana. These data indicate that the mines exhibit a wide variety of hydrologic and chemical characteristics. Concentrations of sulfate range from 3 to 20,000 mg/l, while concentrations of acidity and alkalinity range from 0 to 8,800 mg/l and 0 to 2,500 mg/l, respectively, and pH values range from 3.5 to 9.2. Values of storativity range from 0.0003 to 0.003, and barometric efficiencies range from 0.27 to 0.83. Long-term potentiometric levels show no evidence of seasonality or other long-term periodicities, and records indicate that several mines are still being hydrologically influenced by human activities long after their abandonment. Future development of the coal-mine aquifer for a variety of beneficial purposes, such as new groundwater supplies or sources of geothermal energy, will require consideration of potentially adverse secondary results, including the possibility of increased generation of acid mine drainage caused by dewatering of voids and increased risk of subsidence.Item Coal supply and demand in Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2009) Drobniak, Agnieszka; Mastalerz, Maria; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Geodes of Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2008) Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Indiana limestones and dolomites for flue gas desulfurization(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2009) Shaffer, Nelson R.; Sadowski, RobertItem Lateral variation in mineralogy and geochemistry of Pennsylvanian black shale sequences related to contemporaneous fresh water channels, southwestern Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1996) Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Lateral variation in mineralogy and geochemistry of Pennsylvanian black shale sequences related to contemporaneous fresh water channels, southwestern Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1996) Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Map of Indiana showing locations of active coal and industrial minerals operations(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2012) Meyer, Rebecca; Shaffer, Kathryn R.; Shaffer, Nelson R.; Sowder, KimberlyItem Map of Indiana showing locations of coal and industrial minerals production(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2000) Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Map showing industrial minerals operations and carbonate regions affected by solution features in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2007) Shaffer, Nelson R.; Sowder, Kimberly; Paylor, Randall; Weibel, C.; Wolfe, MarkItem Map showing industrial minerals operations and carbonate regions affected by solution features in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2007) Shaffer, Nelson R.; Sowder, Kimberly; Paylor, Randall; Weibel, C.; Wolfe, MarkItem Meteorites of Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2010) Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Minerals of Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 2006) Day, John M.; Hill, Barbara T.; Shaffer, Nelson R.; Sowder, KimberlyItem A New Clay Mineral Resource in Daviess County, Indiana(Indiana Geological & Water Survey, 1988) Fraser, Gordon S.; Shaffer, Nelson R.Item Possibility of Mississippi Valley - Type Mineral Deposits in Indiana(Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Geological Survey, 1981) Shaffer, Nelson R."The midwestern United States is recognized as a lead-zinc metallogenetic province because of its low-temperatures Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits. These deposits are found in Paleozoic dolomitic host rocks, commonly on the flanks of structurally high areas far from areas of igneous activity. They have simple mineralogies, mostly sphalerite, fluorite, galena, or barite, that are believed to have formed at low temperatures (70 to 200C) from concentrated brines. One commonly accepted explanation of the origin and characteristics of Mississippi Valley-type deposits is that they were the natural consequence of basin development when sedimentary connate waters, the metal-bearing brines, migrated updip from the basin and precipitated ore minerals on encountering sources of reduced sulfur. Indiana lies within a structural framework and contains many geologic features that appear suitable for the development of Mississippi Valley-type deposits. A structurally high area, the Kankakee and Cincinnati Arches, crosses Indiana from northwest to southeast and separates the Michigan and Illinois Basins. Potential-ore host rock occurs in the Knox Dolomite (Cambro-Ordovician); the Black River and Trenton Limestones (Ordovician); the Salamonie Dolomite, the Louisville Limestone, and the Wabash Formation (Silurian); the Muscatatuck Group (Devonian); and the Sanders and Blue River Groups (Mississippian). Unconformities are at the top of the Knox, the Trenton, and the Wabash. Many occurrences of sphalerite, fluorite, barite, and galena in Indiana had already been noted, and more than 90 new ones were found during this study. Most new occurrences were in the Black River-Trenton section, especially in northern Indiana where the rocks had been extensively dolomitized. In northern Indiana many minerals occur in the dolomitized reef facies of the Silurian System and in the overlying Devonian limestones. In southern and southwestern Indiana sphalerite and fluorite occur in the Salem and Ste. Genevieve Limestones. Preliminary information from fluid inclusions in sphalerite samples indicates that some specimens formed at temperatures within the range reported for Mississippi Valley-type deposits. Favorable geology, ore minerals in minor amounts, and tentative evidence that ore-type fluids passed through suitable host rocks indicate that undiscovered Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits possibly exist in Indiana."