Browsing by Author "Donaldson, Devan Ray"

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Bridging the Trust Gap: Integrating Models of Behavior and Perception
(New Security Paradigms Workshop, 2015) Hill, Raquel; Donaldson, Devan Ray
In this paper, we propose a process-oriented trust framework that integrates an integrity-based trust model with the requirements and perceptions of those who manage and administer computing infrastructure. This integration enables a feedback loop between the system administrator and established models of trust that have been proposed to harden and secure systems. The proposed study will engage administrators in the design and use of mechanisms for establishing and evaluating the trust of cyberinfrastructure. The proposed study addresses a gap in current security research, which often views users as managers of a single computer, and not as an administrator of large computing environments. This work seeks to capture system administrators’ perceptions of security and trust and incorporate real-world practices into the design of mechanisms for securing systems.
Data Managers’ Perspectives on Designated Communities and FAIR Principles
(2019-03-31) Zegler-Poleska, Ewa; Donaldson, Devan Ray
This poster presents preliminary findings of the study on data managers’ perspectives on changes in the Designated Community, related evolution of support services provided by the repository, and the FAIR Principles. The study examines the case of the Petroleum Database Management System (PDMS) hosted by the Indiana Geological and Water Survey (IGWS), a research institute of Indiana University.
The Digitized Archival Document Trustworthiness Scale
(International Journal of Digital Curation, 2016) Donaldson, Devan Ray
Designated communities are central to validation of preservation. If a designated community is able to understand and use information found within a digital repository, the assumption is that the information has been properly preserved. As judging the trustworthiness of information requires at least some level of understanding of that information, this paper presents results of a study aimed at developing a tool for measuring designated community members’ perceptions of trustworthiness for preserved information found within a digital repository. The study focuses on genealogists at the Washington State Digital Archives who routinely interact with digitized genealogical records, including digitized marriage, death, and birth records. Results of the study include construction of an original Digitized Archival Document Trustworthiness Scale (DADTS). DADTS is a ready-made tool for digital curators to use to measure the trustworthiness perceptions of their designated community members. Implications of this study include the feasibility of engaging members of a designated community in the construction of a scale for measuring trustworthiness perception, thereby providing deeper insight into the understandability and usability of preserved information by that designated community.
The Digitized Archival Document Trustworthiness Scale Study Dataset and Associated Files
Donaldson, Devan Ray
This package contains the data and associated analyses for a study which built, tested, and assessed a scale for measuring genealogists' perceptions of trustworthiness for digitized genealogical records, including digitized marriage, death, and birth records. The study participants were genealogists who frequently utilize documents housed in the Washington State Digital Archives (WADA).The four files in this package include: 1) the dataset [size = 393 KB] that was used to perform the statistical analyses in SPSS 23.0, 2) the output [size = 1.3 MB] of the analysis in Microsoft Word format, 3) the output [size = 49 KB] of the analysis in SPSS format, and 4) the syntax file [size = 910 Bytes] that can be used to replicate the analyses in SPSS. The dataset is the raw/unanalyzed data, both output files are the same processed/analyzed data in two different file formats, and the syntax file lists the code that was used to perform the analyses.
Implementing PREMIS: A Case Study of the Florida Digital Archive
(Library Hi Tech, 2010) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Conway, Paul
Purpose – The purpose of this case study is to describe and interpret the PREservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies (PREMIS) implementation process, to gain more insight into why barriers to the adoption of PREMIS exist as well as how to overcome them. Design/methodology/approach – This qualitative case study analysis highlights the Florida Digital Archive as an exemplar of an organization in the throes of deciding just how to implement the PREMIS metadata model in a working repository system. Findings – Findings from this study suggest that use of PREMIS requires adaptation in which an organization must make changes in order to use PREMIS, and vice versa. Findings also suggest that there are clearly defined steps involved in the PREMIS implementation process, and that the nature of this process is iterative. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited by a short data collection period. It is also limited by investigating only one institution during its implementation process. Future studies could test the validity of the model proposed in this study and include multiple institutions. Practical implications – By providing context for the implementation process, this paper can help cultural heritage institutions interested in fully adopting PREMIS. Originality/value – Exploring PREMIS implementation using DOI/MIS literature is novel in the digital preservation community and is proposed as particularly useful to digital preservationists who are considering adopting PREMIS. The paper suggests that seemingly innocuous decisions by developers have real implications for preservation.
Measuring Perceptions of Trustworthiness: A Research Project
(Universitat wien, 2013) Donaldson, Devan Ray
The digital curation and preservation community has long acknowledged that trustworthiness is a critical component of successful digital repositories. However, there is no known method to determine if or under what circumstances an end-user perceives a repository as trustworthy. While the research literature describes definitions, criteria, and certification processes that allow repository managers to assert trustworthiness under certain conditions, it does not adequately define, measure, or specify trustworthiness from the perspective of the end-user. This paper highlights traditional notions of trustworthiness in the context of the literature on digital repositories and explores trustworthiness from the end-user’s perspective. The paper also presents an ongoing research project to: (1) investigate designated communities’ perspectives on trustworthiness using focus groups, and (2) explore building, testing, and assessing an index to measure trustworthiness.
Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative: A Case Study
(International Journal of Digital Curation, 2018-12-23) Donaldson, Devan Ray; McClanahan, Allison; Christiansen, Leif; Bell, Laura; Narlock, Mikala; Martin, Shannon; Suby, Haley
Since its creation nearly a decade ago, the Digital Curation Centre (DCC) Curation Lifecycle Model has become the quintessential framework for understanding digital curation. Organizations and consortia around the world have used the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model as a tool to ensure that all the necessary stages of digital curation are undertaken, to define roles and responsibilities, and to build a framework of standards and technologies for digital curation. Yet, research on the application of the model to large-scale digitization projects as a way of understanding their efforts at digital curation is scant. This paper reports on findings of a qualitative case study analysis of Indiana University Bloomington’s multi-million-dollar Media Digitization and Preservation Initiative (MDPI), employing the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model as a lens for examining the scope and effectiveness of its digital curation efforts. Findings underscore the success of MDPI in performing digital curation by illustrating the ways it implements each of the model’s components. Implications for the application of the DCC Curation Lifecycle Model in understanding digital curation for mass digitization projects are discussed as well as directions for future research.
The Perceived Value of Acquiring Data Seals of Approval
(International Journal of Digital Curation, 2017) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Dillo, Ingrid; Downs, Robert; Ramdeen, Sarah
The Data Seal of Approval (DSA) is one of the most widely used standards for Trusted Digital Repositories to date. Those who developed this standard have articulated seven main benefits of acquiring DSAs: 1) stakeholder confidence, 2) improvements in communication, 3) improvement in processes, 4) transparency, 5) differentiation from others, 6) awareness raising about digital preservation, and 7) less labor- and time- intensive. Little research has focused on if and how those who have acquired DSAs actually perceive these benefits. Consequently, this study examines the benefits of acquiring DSAs from the point of view of those who have them. In a series of 15 semi- structured interviews with representatives from 16 different organizations, participants described the benefits of having DSAs in their own words. Our findings suggest that participants experience all of the seven benefits that those who developed the standard promised. Additionally, our findings reflect the greater importance of some of those benefits compared to others. For example, participants mentioned the benefits of stakeholder confidence, transparency, improvement in processes and awareness raising about digital preservation more frequently than they discussed less labor- and time- intensive (e.g. it being less labor- and time-intensive to acquire DSAs than becoming certified by other standards), improvements in communication, and differentiation from others. Participants also mentioned two additional benefits of acquiring DSAs that are not explicitly listed on the DSA website that were very important to them: 1) the impact of acquiring the DSA on documentation of their workflows, and 2) assurance that they were following best practice. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
The Perceived Value of Acquiring Data Seals of Approval Study Dataset and Associated Files
Donaldson, Devan Ray
This package contains the data and associated analyses for a study which examined the benefits of acquiring Data Seals of Approval (DSAs) from the point of view of those who have them. This package includes data from a series of 15 semi-structured interviews with representatives from 16 different organizations in which participants described the benefits of having DSAs in their own words. The four files in this package include: 1) the coded interview transcripts and description of codes (i.e., codebook) in NVivo for Mac Version 11.3.2 (1888) file format (e.g., .nvpx), 2) the raw dataset that lists the frequency with which each benefit was mentioned by DSA board members and non-DSA board members in IBM SPSS Statistics 24 file format (e.g., .spv), and 3) the processed/analysed data from the Mann-Whitney U tests in two different file formats (e.g., .doc and .spv).
Provenance and credibility in scientific data repositories
(Archival Science, 2012) Fear, Kathleen; Donaldson, Devan Ray
Despite a long history of rich theoretical work on provenance, empirical research regarding users’ interactions with and judgments based upon provenance information in archives with scientific data is extremely limited. This article focuses on the relationship between provenance and credibility (i.e., trustworthiness and expertise) for scientists. Toward this end, the authors conducted semi-structured interviews with seventeen proteomics researchers who interact with data from ProteomeCommons.org, a large online repository. To analyze the resulting interview data, the authors apply Brian Hilligoss and Soo Young Rieh’s empirically tested theoretical framework for user credibility assessment. Findings from this study suggest that together with other information provided in ProteomeCommons.org and subjects’ own experiences and prior knowledge, provenance allows users to determine the credibility of datasets. Implications of this study stress the importance of the archival perspective of provenance and archival bond for aiding scientists in their credibility assessments of data housed in scientific data repositories.
Provenance, End-User Trust and Reuse: An Empirical Investigation
(USENIX, 2011) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Fear, Kathleen
Provenance theorists and practitioners assume that provenance is essential for trust in and reuse of data. However, little empirical research has been conducted to more closely examine this assumption. This qualitative study explores how provenance affects end-users’ trust in and reuse of data. Toward this end, the authors conducted semi- structured interviews with 17 proteomics researchers who interact with data from ProteomeCommons.org, a large scientific data repository. Empirical findings from this study suggest that provenance does help end-users gauge the trustworthiness of data and build their confidence in reusing data. However, provenance also needs to be accompanied by other kinds of information, including: more specific data quality information, the data itself, and author reputation information. Implications of this study stress the value of end-user studies in provenance research, specifically to assess the ‘real-world’ impact of provenance encoded and communicated to end-users in systems.
Secondary adoption of technology standards: The case of PREMIS
(Archival Science, 2013) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Yakel, Elizabeth
While archival scholars have identified some of the most important steps for deciding to use and implement metadata standards in archives, very little systematic empirical investigation within the archival science literature regards either how implementation processes actually unfold or the factors affecting implementation. This article analyzes the organizational factors and processes that come into play during implementation of metadata standards, using PREservation metadata: implementation strategies (PREMIS) as an exemplar. Adapting a theoretical framework for secondary adoption of technologies from Gallivan (Database Adv Inf Syst 32(3):51, 2001), the authors apply their model to the PREMIS technology standard and investigate PREMIS implementation by projects/programs on the Library of Congress PREMIS Implementation Registry. Using data from a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews, the authors develop a model for the secondary adoption of PREMIS and outline implications for the secondary adoption of technology standards based on the results of this study.
Securing Trustworthy Digital Repositories
(Universität wien, 2016) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Hill, Raquel; Keitel, Christian; Dowding, Heidi
Security is critical to repository trustworthiness. Recent international standards for Trustworthy Digital Repositories (TDRs) all specify some sort of security criteria that are necessary to adhere to in order to attain TDR status. However, little is known about how those who are responsible for addressing these criteria actually regard the concept of security. This study centers on digital repository staff members’ perceptions of security, including their perceptions of security criteria in standards for TDRs. This paper discusses findings from surveys and semi-structured interviews with staff from repositories that have recently acquired the nestor seal of approval. We found that participants considered the principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as relevant to their notions of security. We also found that participants considered the security criteria required to acquire the nestor seal of approval as both sufficient and appropriate for addressing their repositories’ needs. Implications for better understanding the security of digital repositories are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Securing Trustworthy Digital Repositories
(iPRES 2016 Proceedings, 2016-10) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Hill, Racquel; Dowding, Heidi; Keitel, Christian
Security is critical to repository trustworthiness. Recent international standards for Trustworthy Digital Repositories (TDRs) all specify some sort of security criteria that are necessary to adhere to in order to attain TDR status. However, little is known about how those who are responsible for addressing these criteria actually regard the concept of security. This study centers on digital repository staff members’ perceptions of security, including their perceptions of security criteria in standards for TDRs. This paper discusses findings from surveys and semi-structured interviews with staff from repositories that have recently acquired the nestor seal of approval. We found that participants considered the principles of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as relevant to their notions of security. We also found that participants considered the security criteria required to acquire the nestor seal of approval as both sufficient and appropriate for addressing their repositories’ needs. Implications for better understanding the security of digital repositories are discussed as well as directions for future research.
Understanding Perspectives on Sharing Neutron Data at Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(Data Science Journal, 2017) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Martin, Shawn; Proffen, Thomas
Even though the importance of sharing data is frequently discussed, data sharing appears to be limited to a few elds, and practices within those elds are not well understood. This study examines perspectives on sharing neutron data collected at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s neutron sources. Operation at user facilities has traditionally focused on making data accessible to those who create them. The recent emphasis on open data is shifting the focus to ensure that the data produced are reusable by others. This mixed methods research study included a series of surveys and focus group interviews in which 13 data consumers, data managers, and data producers answered questions about their perspectives on sharing neutron data. Data con- sumers reported interest in reusing neutron data for comparison/veri cation of results against their own measurements and testing new theories using existing data. They also stressed the importance of establishing context for data, including how data are produced, how samples are prepared, units of measurement, and how temperatures are determined. Data managers expressed reservations about reusing others’ data because they were not always sure if they could trust whether the people responsible for interpreting data did so correctly. Data producers described concerns about their data being misused, competing with other users, and over-reliance on data producers to understand data. We present the Consumers Managers Producers (CMP) Model for understanding the interplay of each group regarding data sharing. We conclude with policy and system recommendations and discuss directions for future research.
User Conceptions of Trustworthiness for Digital Archival Documents
(Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015) Donaldson, Devan Ray; Conway, Paul
Trust is the most important characteristic of digital repositories designed to hold and deliver archival documents that have persistent value to stakeholders. In theoretical models of trust in information, the concept of trustworthiness is emerging as both fundamentally important and understudied, particularly in the domain of digital repositories. This article reports on a qualitative study designed to elicit from groups of end users components of trustworthiness and to assess their relative importance. The study draws on interview data from 3 focus groups with experienced users of the Washington State Digital Archives. Utilizing thematic analysis and micro-interlocutor analysis to examine a combination of interview transcripts and video recordings, the study provides a realistic picture of the strength and character of emergent themes that underpin the more general concept of trustworthiness. The study reinforces the centrality of trustworthiness at the individual document level, but calls into question the formulation of trustworthiness as a concept in Kelton, Fleischmann, and Wallace’s (2008) Integrated Model of Trust in Information.
Users’ Trust in Trusted Digital Repository Content
(National Library Board Singapore & Nanyang Technological University, 2011) Donaldson, Devan Ray
Scholars who study trust in digital archives have largely focused their attention on the power of certification by third-party audit as a way to communicate trustworthiness to end-users. In doing so, they assume that the establishment of a network of trusted digital archives will create a climate of trust. But certification at the repository level also assumes the trustworthiness of digital objects within a repository; specifically that digital repository objects are authentic and reliable. This paper proposes the use of document-level seals of approval as a means of communicating to end-users about the trustworthiness of digital objects that is commensurate with specific user interaction. Implications of this proposed research stress the importance of assessing the ‘real-world’ impact of trust signals on users.