Browsing by Author "Aden, D. J."

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Karst of the Bellevue quadrangle and portions of the Clyde and Castalia quadrangles, Ohio
(ODNR Division of Geological Survey, 2013) Aden, D. J.
Karst terrain forms by dissolution of carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite, or evaporites, such as gypsum or salt, and is characterized by features including sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves, and springs. Sinkholes (or sinks) are enclosed depressions that do not usually hold water; they often have a “throat” or opening at the bottom where they drain to the subsurface. When a stream flows into a sinkhole, it is known as a disappearing stream or losing stream. Water flowing into the ground can cause solution enlargement of natural fractures in the rock and eventually can grow into caves. In Ohio, a cave is defined as “…a naturally occurring void, cavity, recess, or system of interconnecting passages beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge…” (State of Ohio, 1989). The many passageways formed in karst terrain allow for high connectivity between the land surface and the water table. These passageways permit water to bypass soil and rock layers that filter out contaminants. Consequently, when compounds such as fertilizers, pesticides, and waste enter sinkholes, they are rapidly transported to the water table and quickly pollute water wells, streams, and rivers. When water exits these solutional features, a spring is formed. Such springs enable release of these contaminants at the surface. The different types of karst features may pose infrastructure complications; roads, utilities, houses, and other facilities built in karst areas are at risk of subsidence, collapse, or other damage. In order to provide a reference for future planning on both the local and regional scale, the Ohio Geological Survey has produced this map book identifying the known and suspected karst areas in the vicinity of Bellevue, Ohio. References State of Ohio, 1989, Ohio Revised Code 1517.21 Cave definitions, in chap. 1517 of Title 15 Conservation of Natural Resources: State of Ohio, Ohio Revised Code, accessible at .
Karst of the Fireside quadrangle and portions of the Flat Rock and Clyde quadrangles, Ohio
(Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 2014) Aden, D. J.; Martin, D. R.
Karst terrain forms by dissolution of carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite, or evaporites, such as gypsum or salt, and is characterized by features including sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves, and springs. Sinkholes (or sinks) are enclosed depressions that do not usually hold water; they often have a “throat” or opening at the bottom where they drain to the subsurface. When a stream flows into a sinkhole, it is known as a disappearing stream or losing stream. Water flowing into the ground can cause solution enlargement of natural fractures in the rock and eventually can grow into caves. In Ohio, a cave is defined as “…a naturally occurring void, cavity, recess, or system of interconnecting passages beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge…” The many passageways formed in karst terrain allow for high connectivity between the land surface and the water table. These passageways permit water to bypass soil and rock layers that filter out contaminants. Consequently, when compounds such as fertilizers, pesticides, and waste enter sinkholes, they are rapidly transported to the water table and quickly pollute water wells, streams, and rivers. When water exits these solutional features, a spring is formed. Such springs enable release of these contaminants at the surface. The different types of karst features may pose infrastructure complications; roads, utilities, houses, and other facilities built in karst areas are at risk of subsidence, collapse, or other damage. In order to provide a reference for future planning on both the local and regional scale, the Ohio Geological Survey has produced this map book identifying the known and suspected karst areas in the vicinity of Bellevue, Ohio, including portions of Erie, Huron, Sandusky, and Seneca Counties.
Karst of the Hillsboro, New Market, New Vienna, and Leesburg quadrangles, Ohio
(Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 2015) Aden, D. J.; Martin, D. R.
Karst terrain forms by dissolution of carbonate rocks, such as limestone or dolomite, or evaporites, such as gypsum or salt, and is characterized by features including sinkholes, disappearing streams, caves, and springs. Sinkholes (or sinks) are enclosed depressions that do not usually hold water; they often have a “throat” or opening at the bottom where they drain to the subsurface. When a stream flows into a sinkhole, it is known as a disappearing stream or losing stream. Water flowing into the ground can cause solution enlargement of natural fractures in the rock and eventually can grow into caves. The Ohio Revised Code defines a cave as “…a naturally occurring void, cavity, recess, or system of interconnecting passages beneath the surface of the earth or within a cliff or ledge…” (State of Ohio, 1989). The many passageways formed in karst terrain allow for high connectivity between the land surface and the water table. These passageways permit water to bypass soil and rock layers that filter out contaminants. Consequently, when compounds such as fertilizers, pesticides, and waste enter sinkholes, they are rapidly transported to the water table and quickly pollute water wells, streams, and rivers. When water exits these solutional features, a spring is formed. Such springs enable release of these contaminants at the surface. The different types of karst features may pose infrastructure complications; roads, utilities, houses, and other facilities built in karst areas are at risk of subsidence, collapse, or other damage. In order to provide a reference for future planning on both the local and regional scale, the Ohio Geological Survey has produced this map book identifying the known and suspected karst areas in the vicinity of Hillsboro, Ohio.
Potential for mineable bedrock in the Lima 30 x 60-minute quadrangle in Ohio
(ODNR Division of Geological Survey, 2013-08) Jones, D. M.; Pavey, R. R.; Larsen, G. E.; Aden, D. J.; Angle, M. P.
Bedrock geology in the Lima quadrangle ranges from the Ordovician-age Cincinnati group to the Silurian-age Salina Group (Slucher and others, 2006). Derivative mapping shows that four units have potentially economic-quality carbonate rock occurring under thin cover. These units are, in ascending order, Lockport Dolomite, Greenfield Dolomite, Tymochtee Dolomite, and Salina undifferentiated. Most of the carbonate rocks in the Lima quadrangle are considered good to fair in quality for the production of aggregates or other commercial uses, such as extenders or fillers, and agricultural lime. Limestone and dolomite production in 2011 from quarries located in the Lima quadrangle was nearly 3.3 million tons, which is approximately 6.2 percent of the state's total annual crushed stone production (Wolfe, 2012). The Lima map is intended as a general guide to exploration for potential crushed stone resources. The map also may be useful for land-use planning and zoning. Because the Lima map is based on reconnaissance-level bedrock-topography and bedrock-geology maps, it should not be used for resource leasing purposes. A more detailed geologic and engineering investigation utilizing soils maps, additional water well data, drilling, and laboratory testing of chemical and physical properties would be needed to delineate and evaluate the economic viability of the carbonate resource. Additional studies of possible detrimental geologic conditions, such as reefal structures prevalent in the Lockport Dolomite, shale interbeds, karst development, or the effect of mapped faults on quarrying procedures, also would need to be completed before making mining decisions. References Slucher, E. R., Swinford, E. M., Larsen, G. E., Schumacher, G. A., Shrake, D. L., Rice, C. L., Caudill, M. R., and Rea R. G., Cartography by Powers, D. M., 2006, Bedrock geologic map of Ohio: Columbus, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey Map, BG-1, scale 1:500,000. Wolfe, M. E., 2012, 2011 Report on the Ohio Minerals industries—An annual summary of the state’s economic geology: Columbus, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, 35 p., accessed at