Division of Allied Health Sciences (2014-2021)

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In 2021, the Division of Allied Health merged into the School of Nursing and Allied Health Professionals (SNAHP).

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Browsing Division of Allied Health Sciences (2014-2021) by Author "Côté, Jean"

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    Birthplace effects: Is it population size or density?
    (Journal of Sports Sciences, 2017-01-12) Hancock, David J.; Coutinho, Patricia; Côté, Jean; Mesquita, Isabel
    Contextual influences on talent development (e.g., the birthplace effect) have become a topic of interest for sport scientists. The birthplace effect occurs when being born in a certain city size leads to participation or performance advantages, typically for those born in smaller or mid-sized cities. The purpose of this study was to investigate birthplace effects in Portuguese volleyball players by analysing city size, as well as population density—an important but infrequently used variable. Participants included 4062 volleyball players (Mage = 33), 53.2% of whom were male. Using Portuguese national census data from 1981, we compared participants across 5 population categories. Additionally, we employed ANOVAs to study expertise and population density. Results indicated that athletes (male and female) born in districts of 200,000-399,999 were nearly 2.4 times more likely to attain elite volleyball status, while all other districts decreased the odds of expert development. For male athletes, being born in high-density areas resulted in lower chances of achieving expertise, though no differences existed for female athletes. In the discussion, we explain the impact of these results on birthplace effect research, and offer suggestions for future directions.
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    Citation network analysis of research on sport officials: a lack of interconnectivity
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2015-04-02) Hancock, David J.; Rix-Lièvre, Géraldine; Côté, Jean
    In sport research, the majority of attention is directed toward athletes. While investigations on sport officials have proliferated in recent years, many queries remain unanswered. Through citation analysis, we investigated how information is shared amongst sport official researchers. We focused on a particular group of sport officials that interact with athletes during competition, or what MacMahon and Plessner (2008) termed “interactors”. We searched 3 databases for articles published before 2012 that centred on psycho-social and perceptual-cognitive aspects of officiating. Three groups of research included personality, stress, and decision-making. The resultant 115-article network revealed that little connectivity within and between groups; that is, articles did not frequently cite other articles in the citation network (an average of 4.25 citations per article, with the median value being 2.0). The 12 most cited articles (appearing in 9 journals) were mainly original papers and focused on male soccer referees’ decision-making; however, the publication dates varied from 1990 to 2004. We discuss the results and implications this paper has on sport officials research, particularly related to sport officials being used as a context to study general expertise, the lack of a true sport official journal, and the similarities and differences of the most cited articles.
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    Evidence-based policies for youth sport programmes
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2014-06-26) Côté, Jean; Hancock, David J.
    Youth sport involvement can lead to outcomes classified as the 3Ps: performance, participation, and personal development (Côté et al. 2007a). The 3Ps are central to youth sport systems aimed at providing quality experiences to participants. A challenge for countries and national governing bodies is structuring sport to simultaneously facilitate the achievement of excellence and participation (Collins 2010), or the 3Ps. To illustrate this challenge, consider deliberate practice, which is an important activity for performance improvements, but also considered less enjoyable and less motivating compared to other sport activities, such as play (Ericsson et al. 1993). Thus, governing bodies often face the challenge of deciding which activities they intend to emphasize (e.g., early specialization directed at talent development or early diversification aimed at increasing participation), and this can have implications for the success/failure of the 3Ps. The purpose of this article is to describe an inclusive sport structure for children (under age 13) targeting the development of the 3Ps, which would be an asset to sport scientists, policy makers, and practitioners. Common goals for the 3Ps include: avoid burnout/dropout, cultivate intrinsic motivation, and maximize involvement in various sport activities. Our contention is the 3Ps can co-exist under one system when that system is structured according to the age and competitive level of participants. The Developmental Model of Sport Participation (Côté and Abernethy 2012) and its 7 postulates (Côté et al. 2009) will be used as the basis of this paper to provide evidence-based policies for children in sport.
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    Examining Young Recreational Male Soccer Players' Experience in Adult- and Peer-Led Structures
    (Taylor & Francis Group, 2016-06-17) Imtiaz, Faizan; Hancock, David J.; Côté, Jean
    Purpose: Youth sport has the potential to be one of the healthiest and most beneficial structures that children can partake in. Participation in a combination of adult-led and peer-led sport structures appears to lead to favorable outcomes such as enhanced physical fitness as well as social and emotional development (Fraser-Thomas, Côté, & Deakin, 2005). The purpose of the present study was to examine the subjective and objective experiences of 27 recreational male soccer players between the ages of 10 and 12 (M = 10.11, SD = 0.32) across adult-led and peer-led sport structures. Method: Direct video observation and experience rating scales were utilized in an effort to shed light on the impact of adult-led and peer-led sport structures on the same athletes. Results: In the adult-led structures, youth experienced high levels of effort and concentration, and spent more time being physically or mentally engaged. Meanwhile, youth experienced high rates of prosocial behaviors, sport-related communication, as well as general communication during the peer-led structures. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that rather than one approach being superior to the other, both adult- and peer-led sport structures have the potential to yield unique benefits towards children’s positive experiences in sport.