The Museum at the End of the World: Encounters in the Russian Far East. Alexia Bloch and Laurel Kendall. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 230 pp.Reviewed by Alexander D. KingThe Museum at the End of the World
is a difficult book to categorize. It is not an ethnography, yet the
authors are self-identified ethnographers and the descriptions and
prose are clearly in an ethnographic style. It is not a history of
museums and museum expeditions in eastern Siberia, but it includes some
wonderful historical anecdotes on the American Museum of Natural
History’s (AMNH) Jesup Expedition, conducted at the turn of the
twentieth century. It is not a survey of museums in the Russian Far
East, but it does provide valuable descriptions of regional museums
located in Providenia, Anadyr, Magadan, Khabarovsk,
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Esso, and Palana. It is an academic
anthropological travel book, and this contradiction between the
scholarly and popular genres produces both the strengths and weaknesses
of the work.
Alexia
Bloch was a junior anthropologist, having then just finished her
dissertation based on extensive fieldwork in central Siberia. She was
working at the AMNH as a postdoctoral fellow when the trip was made in
1998. Laurel Kendall is a senior anthropologist, curator of the Asian
section in the AMNH anthropology department, with decades of experience
in Korea and some work in China and Vietnam, as well. The Museum at the End of the World
is titled ironically, and the authors do a good job at highlighting the
cosmopolitan histories and present realities of even the small towns in
the Russian Far East—nearly every town they visit has a foreign
anthropologist in residence, and there are burgeoning relationships
with Alaska and other parts of the U.S., Canada, China, Japan, and
Korea, especially in trade. On the other hand, the authors’ own
troubles securing air tickets and making flights highlight the drastic
contraction in post-Soviet transport infrastructure and the lessened
mobility of local Siberians with the reduction of subsidies from the
center. Bloch and Kendall visit regional museums (roughly in the order
listed above), bringing CD-ROMs of the Siberian Jesup collection and
copies of a recent catalog of the Drawing Shadows to Stone
photographic exhibit of Jesup photographs (from both sides of the
Pacific but emphasizing the Siberian collections) for museums and
libraries. The book is an account of their journey, punctuated with
excerpts from letters or early articles describing the travels and
adventures undergone by Vladimir Bogoras, Vladimir Jochelson, and
Berthold Laufer as they investigated Chukotka, northern Kamchatka, and
the Amur River area, respectively, in 1900-1902. Reading about Laufer’s
visa problems due to his being a German Jew and the Tsar’s secret
instructions to local authorities to thwart and monitor Jochelson at
every step, due to his history as a revolutionary exile, puts Bloch’s
and Kendall’s visa worries and air ticket snafus in perspective. While
it may not seem so to contemporary travellers in the Russian Far East,
political and infrastructural conditions for travel and research have
vastly improved over the course of the twentieth century.
Regional
museums in the Soviet Union were often a “grass-roots” affair,
especially in the smaller towns, and they reflect the idiosyncratic
curiosities, as well as the particular intellectual and material
resources of the communities that they represent. The authors were
treated to thorough (if sometimes tedious) tours of all the exhibits in
each museum, and I enjoyed the descriptions, although I would have
liked a few more pictures of the displays. One of the main goals of
Bloch and Kendall’s trip was to build relationships between the AMNH
and local museums, and just as importantly, to connect with local
indigenous communities to provide them with information about the AMNH
collections and lay the groundwork for possible future projects
connecting New York better with the Russian Far East. As they recount,
these two objectives cannot always be pursued simultaneously. Many of
the museums, especially the larger ones in cities like Magadan,
Khabarovsk, and Petropavlovsk are managed by non-native “newcomers” and
their priorities do not always put indigenous people and their
interests first. However, we also learn that the category “newcomer”
does not always reflect an individual’s social ties or political heart.
For example, the director of the museum in Palana was a Koryak man, but
he was so indifferent to Bloch and Kendall’s visit that he went on
vacation the month they were supposed to arrive and left it to his
deputy, the “newcomer” Tatiana Volkova, to receive the Americans. I can
report from my acquaintances in Palana that the director’s disinterest
has lead him to leave the museum. Volkova is now the director, which
most of the indigenous community in Palana consider to be a good thing.
In
writing a travel book, the authors have produced clear, accessible
prose without the jargon and few of the preoccupations that define
anthropology. It is, however, a scholarly work published by a
university press, so all sources are properly referenced and the
bibliography covers all the important sources on the history of the
Jesup expedition and the anthropology of the region. Peculiar
Russian/Soviet habits and institutions are explained, and the authors
are acutely aware of the social and political ramifications of their
presence in, and representations of, the Russian Far East. It is a
solid work and the authors are to be commended for that. However, this
reviewer wishes that the authors had been a bit more daring or
experimental. The book is best read in small doses, such as from a
bedside table. It is interesting but not riveting. Instead of
presenting a seamless narrative of their “encounters in the Russian Far
East” it may have been more engaging to present a series of
discontinuous vignettes about the places or the museums and people they
visited. Instead of shifting from “we” to third person to identify
individual reactions, the authors could have framed their reactions as
a conversation, perhaps with contrasting typefaces. I liked The Museum at the End of the World, and I think any museum professional or anthropologist with a curiosity about eastern Siberia will also enjoy it.Alexander
D. King is a Lecturer in Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen.
His research focuses on the language and culture of indigenous peoples
of the North Pacific, particularly Kamchatka, Russia. He has published
articles in Anthropology and Humanism and Focaal, as well as several chapters in edited collections. Much of his research is summarized at http://www.koryaks.net/.